问题 单项选择题

固体废物处理和处置的基本方法中,城市发展初期通常采用的方式是()。

A.土地填埋

B.堆肥化

C.自然堆存

D.焚烧

答案

参考答案:C

解析:本题的考点是固体废物处理和处置的方法。固体废物处理和处置有下列几种基本方法。(1)自然堆存。把垃圾倾卸在地面上或水体内,如弃置在荒地洼地或海洋中,不加防护措施,使之自然腐化发酵。这种方式是城市发展初期通常采用的方式。(2)土地填埋。将固体废物填入确定的谷地、平地或废砂坑等,然后用机械压实后覆土,使其发生物理、化学、生物等变化,分解有机物质,达到减容化和无害化的目的。土地填埋其实也是一种最终处置方法。(3)堆肥化。在有控制的条件下,利用微生物将固体废物中的有机物质分解,使之转化成为稳定的腐殖质的有机肥料,这一过程可以消灭垃圾中的病菌和寄生虫卵。堆肥化是一种无害化和资源化的过程。(4)焚烧。通过高温燃烧,使可燃固体废物氧化分解,转换成惰性残渣,焚烧可以灭菌消毒,回收能量。焚烧可以达到减容化、无害化和资源化的目的。焚烧可以处理城市生活垃圾、工业固体废物、污泥、危险固体废物等。

名词解释
填空题

Motivation is "the driving force within individuals that impels them to action." And goals are the sought-after results (1) motivated behavior.
Motivation can be either positive or negative (2) direction. We may feel a driving force toward some object or condition, (3) a driving force away from some object or condition. For example, a person may be impelled toward a restaurant to fulfill a need, hunger, and away (4) an airplane to fulfill a need of safety. Some psychologists refer to positive drives (5) needs, wants or desires, (6) negative drives as fears or aversions. (7) , though negative and positive motivational forces seem to differ dramatically (8) terms of physical and sometimes emotional activity, they are basically similar in (9) they both serve to initiate and sustain human behavior. (10) this reason, researchers often refer (11) both kinds of drives or motives as needs, wants and desires.
Goals, (12) , can be either positive or negative. A positive goal is one toward (13) behavior is directed and it is often referred to as an approach object. A negative goal is (14) from which behavior is directed away and it is sometimes referred to as an avoidance object. Since both approach and avoidance goals can be considered objectives of motivated behavior, most researchers refer to (15) types simply as goals. Consider this example. A middle-aged woman may wish to remain (16) attractive as possible. Her positive goal is to appear desirable, and (17) she may use a perfume advertised to make her irresistible. A negative goal may be to prevent her skin (18) aging, and therefore she may buy and use face creams. (19) the former case, she uses perfume to help her achieve her positive goal -- attractiveness; in the (20) case, she uses face creams to help avoid a negative goal -- wrinkled skin.