问题 单项选择题

归纳推理是以个别性知识为前提而推出一般性知识为结论的推理。完全归纳推理是根据某类事物中每一对象都具有某种属性,推出该类事物对象都具有某种属性的推理。不完全归纳推理是根据一类事物中的部分对象具有某种属性,推出该类事物对象都具有某种属性的推理。 根据上述定义,下列属于完全归纳推理的是( )。

A.平行四边形的内角和是360度,梯形的内角和是360度,所以所有四边形的内角和都是360度

B.一班共有36名同学,分别考察每名同学的期末成绩得知每个人都及格了,所以这次期末考试中一班所有同学全部及格

C.铁受热后体积膨胀,铜受热后体积也膨胀,所以铝受热后也会膨胀

D.徐悲鸿从小就立志要画出好画来,一直勤奋练习,终于,画出了著名的《奔马图》,这真是“有志者事竟成”啊

答案

参考答案:B

解析: 完全归纳推理和不完全归纳推理的区别主要是看前提中是否考察了一类事物的全部对象。A项中的平行四边形和梯形不能够概括所有的四边形,所以是一种不完全归纳推理;17,项中考察了一班所有的36名同学而得出结论,这是一种完全归纳推理;C项中“铝受热后也会膨胀”并非一般性知识,即并不是一类事物的属性,所以不是归纳推理;D项中从一个“有志者”成功的例子,就得出所有“有志者”都会成功的结论,这显然是一种不完全归纳推理。因此本题选B。

实验题
完形填空

第三部分:写作(共两节,满分35分)
第一节任务型阅读(共10小题;每小题1分)
阅读下列短文,根据所读的内容在文章后的表格中填入恰当的单词。注意表格中的每个空格只填1个单词。
Global warming is one of the major environmental problems we are facing today. Scientists think a further rise in the carbon dioxide levels will make this situation worse. The greenhouse effect causes the earth’s heat to be trapped in the atmosphere, which results in the increase in temperature. This in turn has an effect on various plants and animals. Global warming makes it difficult for some of them to survive.
Ozone depletion(臭氧耗损) means a drop in the quantity of the ozone in the earth’s stratosphere (平流层). The ozone hole in the Antarctic is mainly due to the release of CFCs ( a type of gas). Because of ozone depletion, humans are facing various problems such as the harmful effects of UV rays.
Water pollution is caused when wastes are thrown into water. What’s more, many harmful chemicals are also put into water, which causes the deaths of many wild animals and endangers the health of humans.
The increasing population is causing a loss of natural resources. This is related to various human activities. For example, overfishing has caused many kinds of fishes to die out. Forests are being cleared to meet the rising demand for paper, wood, even for land. Mining(采矿) has led to a further drop in mineral resources. If we used up all the resources, how could our children survive on this planet?
These are some of the current environmental problems we are facing today. Only with an effort from each person, can we hope to save our planet from being destroyed.
Environmental
problem
Cause 
Damage
Global
(76)_____-
Increasing carbon
dioxide levels
Making it difficult for
various plants and animals to
(77) ______
(78)______
depletion
Releasing CFCs
Various problems such as the harmful effects of UV rays
Water (79) _____
·Throwing (80)_____
into water
·Adding harmful (81)
_____into water
Endangering wild animals’ lives
Endangering humans’ (82) ______
The loss of
natural(83)____
·Increasing (84) _____
·Various human activi-
ties such as (85)_____, cutting down
forests and mining
Endangering the next generation