问题 单项选择题

在下列选项中,民事行为确定有效的是( )。

A.甲意图以个人存款5万元赠与乙,但担心家人反对,就伪书了5万元的买卖合同,实施了名为买卖、实为赠与的行为

B.甲企业的处长乙为该企业向供应商丙购买电脑,价款总计为10万元,但乙与丙的工作人员丁串通,开发票为11万元,乙向甲按ll万元报销,得1万元,与丁私分。其中甲企业为非国有企业

C.甲、乙之间超越资质订立的建设工程分包合同

D.长城公司与南方公司订立了名为联营、实为借贷的合同

答案

参考答案:A

解析:[考点] 民事法律行为效力的判断 依据《民法通则》的规定,行为人具有相应的民事行为能力、意思表示真实、行为不违反法律或者社会公共利益为民事法律行为的有效要件。另外,《民法通则》第58条、《合同法》.第52条规定了民事法律行为无效的情形。 《民法通则》第58条第1款第7项规定,以合法形式掩盖非法目的为无效民事行为。这主要是指行为人为达到违法目的而实施的以合法形式出现的民事行为,包括:第一,为达到违法目的而实施伪装的民事行为;第二,为达到违法目的以一个伪装的民事行为掩盖另一真实的民事行为。在选项A中,甲实施了“名为买卖、实为赠与”的行为。首先,甲行为指向的对象是“个人存款”,即对其具有所有权的财产进行处分,虽然客观上用买卖行为掩盖,但真实的行为不具有违法性;其次,甲是“担心家人反对”,主观上没有非法性。因此,选项A的情形并非法律所规定的“以合法形式掩盖非法目的”,应当选。 《民法通则》第58条第1款第4项规定,恶意串通,损害国家、集体或者第三人利益的为无效民事行为。在选项B中,甲企业的处长乙与丙供应商的工作人员丁串通,将本为10万元的价款虚报为11万元,且向甲企业报销,侵害了其利益,是恶意串通的行为。需要注意的是,恶意串通行为不需要损害公共利益,所以尽管甲为非国有企业,只要乙和丁的行为损害其利益,就是无效的民事行为。因此B项不应该当选。 《民法通则》第58条第1款第5项规定,违反法律或者社会公共利益的为无效民事法律行为。在选项 C中,甲、乙之间超越资质订立建设工程分包合同,而根据《合同法》第272条第3款的规定:禁止承包人将工程分包给不具备相应资质条件的单位,禁止分包单位将其承包的工程再分包,建设工程主体结构的施工必须由承包人自行完成。因此,选项C中甲、乙之间订立的合同违背了法律规定的禁止性情形,是无效的。在选项D中,“长城公司与南方公司订立了名为借贷、实为联营的合同”,对此,根据《最高人民法院关于审理联营合同纠纷案件若干问题的解答》的精神,企业法人、事业法人作为联营一方向联营主体投资,但不参加共同经营,也不承担联营的风险责任,不论盈亏均按期收回利息,或者按期收取固定利润的,是名为联营,实为借贷,违反了有关金融法规,应当确认合同无效。因此,D项也不应当选。

比较题
单项选择题

On Saturday August 12, 2000, during Northern Fleet training exercises in the Barents Sea, the Russian nuclear submarine Kursk sank in about 100 meters of water with some 118 sailors aboard. It’s known later that several officers were also aboard, observing the training exercises. The Kursk is lying on the ocean floor in the Barents Sea. The Russian Navy said that it was listing 30 degrees to port. Other sources reported it Was listing as much as 60 degrees. According to a Russian newspaper, when the submarine Kursk failed to make contact with the naval command at the right time later that day, Northern Fleet Commander Admiral Vyachesav Popov ordered rescue ships into the area. It took hours to find the submarine, as it didn’t launch a marking buoy before sinking.
Russian Navy Chief insisted that the submarine Kursk had been involved in a major collision, but a great deal of information shows that this is not true. Up till now, it’s believed that an explosion in the torpedo compartment in the nose of the Kursk was the likely cause. Now Russian government officially asked Norway for help in recovering of sailors’ bodies first of all, and Norway has agreed to offer all help. But Russian insisted that only Russians work inside the submarine Kursk and that the work last for about 10~18 working days. It is expected to recover only 25~35 bodies from the Kursk.
It was not until October 25, when a team of Russian divers entered the submarine Kursk, some 350 feet below the surface, that truth became clear. On November 7, in the morning, owing to the icy and the cold weather, a special rescue meeting held on Murmansk decided to stop the whole bodies recovering operation.

The underlined words "make contact with" in the first paragraph refers to the idea that the submarine Kursk can’t ______.

A. get in touch after much effort with the naval command
B. send up the nuclear weapons in the training exercises
C. get the naval officers to return to the Northern Fleet
D. get in touch after much effort with Russian government