问题 填空题

铝合金以质轻、稳定性好等优点广泛应用于航空航天事业。在铝合金表面能形成一层较厚的氧化膜,这是其在空气中稳定存在的关键。其反应原理是以铝件与另一种材料为电极,以某种溶液作电解质溶液进行电解,通电后在铝件与电解质溶液的接触面上逐渐形成一层氢氧化铝薄膜,薄膜的某些部位存在着小孔,电流从小孔中通过并产生热量使氢氧化铝分解,从而使铝件表面形成一层较厚的氧化膜。某校课外兴趣小组的同学根据上述原理,以铝件和铁棒为电极,以一定浓度的碳酸氢钠溶液为电解质溶液进行实验,实验装置如图所示

(1)铝件放在________(填“X”或“Y”)极。

(2)铝件表面形成氢氧化铝的电极反应式是_____________________________。

(3)电解过程中,必须使电解质溶液的pH保持相对稳定(不能太大也不能太小)的原因是____________________________。

(4)用碳酸氢钠溶液作电解质溶液,而不用碳酸钠溶液作电解质溶液,其理由是_____________________________________。

答案

(1)X

(2)Al-3e+3HCO3===Al(OH)3↓+3CO2↑或Al-3e===Al3+,Al3++3HCO3===Al(OH)3↓+3CO2

(3)氧化铝和氢氧化铝都是两性化合物,如果溶液的酸性或碱性过强,都会使所形成的氧化铝薄膜溶解

(4)碳酸氢钠的作用之一是中和阴极区溶液中过量的OH:HCO3+OH===CO32-

H2O,有利于控制溶液的酸碱性,另外,碳酸氢钠的水解程度小于碳酸钠的水解程度,碱性也比碳酸钠溶液的弱

阅读理解

阅读理解。

                                                         Bicycle Tour (旅行) and Race

     A bike tour and race will be held on August 26 and 27(Sat. & Sun.) at 5:30 a.m. The riders will leave Tian

anmen Square and ride the first 35 kilometers as a training leg. Then the next 55 kilometers leg, from Yanjiao to

Jixian, will be the first competitive (竞争性的) part of the tour. The riders and their bikes will then be taken

from Jixian to Changli.

     The second racing leg of the tour will be from Changli to the seaside of Nandaihe, covering a distance of

20 kilometres. Saturday night the riders will stay at Nandaihe for supper. Sunday morning is free for playing at

the seaside. At noon all the people and their bikes will be taken back to Beijing.

     Cost: 200 yuan

     Telephone: 4675027

     Ticket price: ¥60, ¥100, ¥150

     Time/Date: 4:30 p.m.,August 26(Sat.)

     Telephone: 5012372

                                                                 Rock Climbing

     The Third National Rock Climbing Competition will be held on August 26-27 at the Huairou Mountain

Climbing Training Center. More than 10 teams from Beijing, Wuhan, Dalian, Jilin and other places will take part

in it. A Japanese team will give an exhibition(展出) climbing free for audience.

     Take a bus from Dongzhimen to Huairou.

     Time/Date: 9:00~12:00, August 26 and 27

     Telephone: 7143177, 7144850

1. The main purpose (主要目的) of the passages in the newspaper is to give information about _____.

A. visiting teams

B. famous players

C. things to do for the weekend

D. prices to pay for the sports events

2. If you take part in the bike tour, you will probably ride for ______.

A. 35 kilometers

B. 55 kilometers

C. 75 kilometers

D. 110 kilometers

3. The underlined word "leg" in"Bicycle Tour and Race" probably means______ .

A. race

B. practice

C. part of the training

D. part of the tour

4. What is special about the rock climbing competition?

A. A foreign team takes part in it.

B. You can watch it without paying.

C. You don't have to be a sportsman to take part in.

D. The bus trip to the place of the competition is free.

5. If you want to find something to do for Saturday afternoon, which telephone number will you call?

A. 4675027.

B. 7143177.

C. 5012372.

D. 7144850.

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