问题 材料分析题

我国水资源短缺,合理用水,提高用水效率意义重大。阅读材料,回答问题。

材料一:2002年~2010年,国务院职能部门国家发展和改革委员会依据《中华人民共和国水法》,组织编制了《全国水资源综合规划》,并在全国实施;2010年10月25日,全国人大常委会修订通过了《中华人民共和国水土保持法》,中华人民共和国 * * 胡 * * 发布第三十九号 * * 令予以公布,该法自2011年3月1日起施行。

材料二:我国工业用水量从1980年的508亿m3增长到2010年的1397亿m3,其中60%以上的工业用水集中在火力发电、钢铁、石化、纺织和制造等行业。2010年,我国万元工业增加值用水量为116m3,约为发达国家的3~7倍;工业废水排放量占全国废水总量的40%以上,工业用水重复利用率约为52%,远低于发达国家80%的水平;工业水费占工业总产值的比重不足1.5%,也远低于发达国家水平。

(1)结合材料一,运用政治生活知识,指出我国国家机构在水资源保护中行使的职权,并分析他们履行职权时是如何体现依法治国原则的。

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(2)我国政府承诺在“十二五”期间将工业部门用水效率提高30%。结合材料二,运用经济生活知识,分析政府会采取哪些经济措施来实现这一目标。

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答案

(1)①国务院行使了宏观调控职能。全国人大常委会行使了立法权。中华人民共和国 * * 行使了颁布法律权。②国务院依据《中华人民共和国水法》,组织编制《全国水资源综合规划》,体现了依法行政;全国人大常委会修订通过《中华人民共和国水土保持法》,确保了水资源保护有法可依。

(2)①加快工业部门的结构调整,鼓励节水工业企业的发展,限制或淘汰高耗低效用水工业的发展。②对节水企业提供财政补贴和税收优惠,分摊节水成本,促进企业加强节水管理。③对工业企业的节水技术改造提供信贷资金支持,促进企业更新用水设备。④对污水排放征收重税,促使工业企业加强污水治理和循环利用,提高工业用水的重复利用率。⑤调高工业用水水价,增加用水成本,促使工业部门节约用水。

单项选择题 A1型题
阅读理解

Retirement Age

Retirement is the point where a person stops employment completely.The " standard" retirement age varies from country to country, but it is generally between 50 and 70, according to the latest statistics, 2011.However, for a long time, people have got into an argument about whether the age of retirement should be increased or reduced in their own countries.

There are several arguments for allowing older people to continue working as long as they are able.Many people think that older employees have a large amount of knowledge and experience which can be lost to a business or organization if they are made to retire.Besides, older employees are often extremely faithful employees to and are more willing to implement company policies than the young.A more important point is regarding the attitudes in society to old people.To force someone to resign or retire at 60 or 65 indicates that the society does not value the input of these people and that effectively their useful life is over.

Allowing old people to work indefinitely (无限地), however, is not always a good policy.Some people took the strong view that age alone is no guarantee of ability.Many young employees have more experience or skills than older staff, who may have been stuck in one area for most of their working lives.Having compulsory retirement allows new ideas in an organization.On the other hand, older people should be rewarded by society for their life' s labor by being given generous pensions and the freedom to enjoy leisure.They can have time to do whatever they like, that is, they can have their own plans or roles and achieve their retirement goals.

With many young people unemployed or frustrated in low-level positions, there are often calls to compulsorily retire older workers.However, this can affect the older individual' s freedom—and right—to work.In my opinion, giving workers more choices over their retirement age will benefit society and the individual.

小题1:According to the passage, older people should go on with work because ____.

A.they will help the business not to fail quickly

B.they have grasped much practical experience

C.they need to have a sense of achievement

D.they want to learn more knowledge小题2:The underlined word "implement" in Paragraph 2 probably means "______".

A.take over

B.work on

C.get rid of

D.carry out小题3:The third paragraph is mainly to tell us that ______.

A.older people can' t do their work well

B.young people usually have new ideas

C.it is better for older people to retire on time

D.older people would like to do something else小题4:Which of the following shows the structure of the passage?