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问题 单项选择题

11个月女孩，因腹泻3天入院。大便每天10次左右，为稀水状，起病后有发热，39℃左右(肛温)，患儿今日起有烦躁，哭闹，面色红，口唇及舌干燥而烦渴，估计其情况为

A．低渗性脱水

B．等渗性脱水

C．高渗性脱水

D．无脱水

E．接近休克状态

答案

参考答案：C

解析：腹泻高热烦躁，哭吵，面色红，口唇及舌干燥而烦渴，估计其情况为高渗性脱水。

问答题 简答题

试述临床思维的基本原则。
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单项选择题

Attempts to understand the relationship between social behavior and health have their origin in history. Dubos (1969) suggested that primitive humans were closer to the animals (1) they, too, relied’upon their instincts to stay healthy. Yet some primitive humans (2) a cause and effect relationship between doing certain things and alleviating (3) of a disease or (4) the condition of a wound. (5) there was so much that primitive humans did not (6) the functioning of the body, magic became an integral component ofthe beliefs about the causes and cures of heath (7) Therefore it is not (8) that early humans thought that illness was caused (9) evil spirit. Primitive medicines made from vegetables or animals were invariably used in combination with some form of ritual to (10) harmful spirit from a diseased body.

One of the. earliest (11) in the Western world to formulate principles of health care based upon rational thought and (12) of supernatural phenomena is found in the work of the Greek physician Hippocrates. The writing (13) to him has provided a number of principles underiying modern medical practice. One of his most famous (14) , the Hippocratic Oath, is the foundation of contemporary medical ethics.

Hippocrates also argued that medical knowledge should be derived from a (15) of the natural science and the logic of cause and effect relationships. In this (16) thesis, On Air, Water, and Places, Hippocrates pointed out that human well-being is (17) by the totality of environmental (18) : living habits or lifestyle, climate, geography of the land, and the quality of air, and food. (19) enough, concerns about our health and the quality of air, water, and places are (20) very much written in twentieth century.

20（）

A.even

B.indeed

C.still

D.moreover
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