问题 实验题

为了测定某种烷烃(不溶于水,密度比空气大)样品的平均相对分子质量,设计了下面的实验:

①取一个配有合适胶塞的洁净、干燥的锥形瓶,准确称其质量为m1

②往锥形瓶中通入干燥的该烃的样品,塞好胶塞,准确称量,重复操作,直到前后两次称量结果基本相同,得到质量为m2

③往锥形瓶中加满水,塞好胶塞,准确称量,得到质量为m3。已知:空气的平均相对分子质量为29.0,完成下列问题:

可供选用的装置

(1)具体说明本实验的原理________________________________________________。

(2)步骤②为什么要重复操作直到前后两次称量的结果基本相同?___________________。

(3)具体说明本实验中如何做到每次测量都在相同体积下进行________________________。

(4)本实验中收集气体样品的操作,可选用的方法是(用图中的标号填写)_____________。

(5)写出锥形瓶中样品的质量m样品的计算式____________________(设空气的质量为m空气)

(6)写出由实验测得该烷烃的平均相对分子质量为____________________(计算式)。

答案

(1)根据阿伏加德罗定律——同温、同压下,同体积的两种不同气体的质量之比等于相对分子质量之比

(2)保证瓶内空气完全排尽,样品恒重

(3)在第一次称量前,待锥形瓶塞紧胶塞后,在瓶口胶塞上做一标记,以后每次测量,胶塞塞入瓶口的位置都以此为准

(4)D

(5)m2-m1+m空气

(6)29.0×或29.0×

测定烷烃样品的平均相对分子质量用的是阿伏加德罗定律的推论,即;在测量过程中采用了测平均数据法(重复操作、两次测量结果基本相同)可保证实验时瓶内空气完全排尽,使结果准确;为使每次测量都在相同的体积下进行,便须对锥形瓶中所容纳物质的体积进行标记;由于空气的平均相对分子质量为29.0,而样品的平均相对分子质量大于29.0,故要采用向上排空气法收集(注意不能用排水法,否则将在样品中混入水蒸气而影响测定结果);由实验操作可知,m1为锥形瓶与空气的总质量,m2为锥形瓶与烷烃样品的总质量,则m样品=m2-m1+m空气

单项选择题
完形填空
Half a year before graduation from college, my son began to seek a job. __1__ the financial crisis(危机), fewer companies would like to __2__ new staff. My son targeted a company that was __3__ to hire only one person __4__ there were more than twenty people filling their resumes(简历).
After the interview, there would only be 3 who could enter the final round, which would later ____5____ one person to be employed. Everything seemed to go quite ____6____ and my son passed the first round and entered the final round in a week.
On the day of the final interview, my son and other two __7__ arrived at the interview place on time, __8__ the test. Unexpectedly, the interview was unbelievably __9__. The interviewer only said to them, “All of you are very super. Please go home and wait for our __10__. We will tell you the __11__ in 3 days. Good luck to all of you!” On the morning of the third day, my son received a text from the company shortly after breakfast that he was not employed. We all felt very __12__.
In nightfall that day, my son suddenly told me __13__ on the phone, “Dad, I have been employed!” Greatly surprised, I could not wait to ask him, “What’s the whole __14__?” My son told me that he received another text saying that he was employed. Actually the first text sent to my son was also __15__ of the test in the interview. Three men received the same text this morning and only my son’s __16__ was “Thank you” while the others said “Goodbye”.
Only then did I know that my son’s “hope” __17__ in that way. That is, when you feel disappointed, do not __18__ to say “thank you” to the one who disappoints you. Saying “thank you” shows respect for others’ work and shows your grand __19__. Therefore, while under the same condition, you will get the upper hand in terms of __20__ compared with others!
小题1:
A.As toB.Due toC.Instead ofD.Contrary to
小题2:
A.promoteB.trainC.employD.discover
小题3:
A.encouragedB.allowedC.supposedD.intended
小题4:
A.whileB.sinceC.thoughD.if
小题5:
A.meetB.attractC.decideD.represent
小题6:
A.slowlyB.smoothlyC.secretlyD.silently
小题7:
A.membersB.studentsC.friendsD.candidates
小题8:
A.waiting forB.watching overC.thinking aboutD.looking into
小题9:
A.formalB.simpleC.funnyD.strange
小题10:
A.informationB.noticeC.orderD.return
小题11:
A.resultB.choiceC.markD.idea
小题12:
A.annoyedB.puzzledC.disappointedD.shocked
小题13:
A.doubtfullyB.excitedlyC.calmlyD.worriedly
小题14:
A.matterB.causeC.conclusionD.interview
小题15:
A.middleB.ending C.partD.course
小题16:
A.wayB.replyC.problemD.question
小题17:
A.changedB.grewC.cameD.developed
小题18:
A.expectB.forgetC.dislikeD.regret
小题19:
A.generosityB.curiosityC.dignityD.personality
小题20:
A.abilitiesB.strengthsC.challengesD.opportunities