问题 问答题 论述题

试述露地花卉的水肥管理。

答案

参考答案:

(一)灌溉与排水

1、灌溉用水:河水、塘水、湖水为好,井水、自来水储存1-2天再用,被污染的水不宜用。

2、灌溉的时间:夏季常在早晚进行,冬季在中午前后,春秋季视天气和气温的高低选择中午或早晚,阴天全天都可以灌溉。

3、灌溉方法:幼苗期采用漫灌,但要避免水冲过大,以后可以浇灌,喷灌,沟灌或漫灌等

4、灌水量:枝叶生长盛期多浇水,开花期只需保持土壤湿润,结实期尽量少浇水或不浇水,深秋寒冬季,少浇水或不浇水。

5、排水:土壤长期积水不利根系生长,尤其是雨季以及地势低凹积水的地方,一定要保证排水通畅,力求雨停即干,特别是对于肉质根,球根花卉更是如此,积水引起根茎的腐烂。

(二)施肥

1、施肥的种类:有机肥、无机肥、菌肥等

2、施肥方式:

1)基肥:厩肥、堆肥饼肥,河泥等有机肥加入骨粉或磷酸钙、氯化钾等作基肥,整地是翻入土中,肥效长,且能改善土壤物理、化学性状;

2)追肥:在花卉的生长、开花、结实期,定期浇灌充分腐熟的有机肥,如饼肥液,蹄甲片液,人粪尿等及时有效的补给花卉所需的养分,花株在萌动前、开花前后、结实前后都要追肥,追肥的浓度要小,不能玷污枝叶,采用沟施或穴施,薄肥勤施。追肥常结合浇灌一并进行,注意现蕾期不宜追肥,夏季高温期不追肥,只浇水,深秋入冬后也不宜追肥,幼苗浇极淡的液肥并用清水喷浇一遍防止叶片玷污。

3)根外追肥:根外追肥是对花枝、叶面喷布营养,当花株急需养分补给或遇土壤过湿时可采用跟外追肥,如将尿素、过磷酸钙、硫酸亚铁配置成0.1-0.2%的水溶液,在清晨或傍晚喷布,经3-5天就可见效。

阅读理解

After years of hearing drivers complain about scratches on their cars, Japan’s Nissan Motor Company has officially announced the next big thing— a paint that not only resists scratches and scrapes, but actually repairs itself within a few days.

The new material, developed by Nippon Paint Company, contains an elastic rubbery-like resin (弹性树脂) that is able to heal minor marks caused by car wash equipment, parking lot encounters, road debris (石头碎片) or even on-purpose destruction.

The automaker admits its results vary depending on the temperature and the depth of the damage, but adds this is the only paint like it in the world, and tests prove it works.

Minor scratches, the most common type, are said to slowly fade over about a week. And once they’re gone, there is no trace that they were ever there.

The special paint is said to last for at least three years after it is first applied, but there is no word yet on whether more can be added after that period.

Nissan claims car washes are the worst offenders for this type of damage, accounting for at least 80 percent of all incidents.

But the complete auto-healing won’t come without scratching your wallet. The vehicle maker notes the special paint adds about $100 US to the price of a car.

It plans to use its new chemical mixture only on its X-Trail SUVs in Japan for now, as it looks for a more widespread presentation. And while plans to offer the feature overseas haven’t been made yet, if it’s a hit there, you can be almost sure market forces will drive it to these shores, as well.

小题1:From the article, we can find that _________.

A.the paint has already been used on cars by now

B.it beats other products of its kind in its lengthy effect

C.car damage is mainly caused by scratches and scrapes

D.marketing this paint in Europe is not under way小题2:The paint used on cars can _________.

A.last 3 years before it is reapplied again

B.fade only in a few days

C.help to protect minor paint damage

D.reduce car scrape incidents to 20 percent小题3:What does the underlined part refer to?

A.certain models of Nissan

B.name for one kind of paint

C.somewhere in Japan

D.a word standing for a car-dealer store小题4:What can be inferred from the article?

A.The paint was developed by Nissan Motor Company.

B.The paint might work better in summer than in winter.

C.The mark on the car could disappear as soon as the pain is applied.

D.The paint is very popular in Japan.

单项选择题