问题 材料分析题

2012年的《政府工作报告》指出,扩大内需特别是消费需求是我国经济长期平稳较快发展的根本立足点,是今年工作的重点。

材料一:    表1: 我国GDP增速及三大需求对GDP增长的贡献率  

注:2011年,受主权债务危机影响,国际金融市场动荡,主要发达经济体增长乏力。据世界银行统计,目前全球的投资贡献率平均约23%,消费贡献率率约75%。

材料二:温 * * 在《政府工作报告》指出,着力扩大消费需求,加快构建扩大消费的长效机制:要大力调整收入分配格局,增加中低收入者收入,提高居民消费能力。大力发展社会化养老、家政、物业、医疗保健等服务业,积极发展网络购物等新型消费业态。鼓励文化、旅游、健身等消费,支持引导环保建材、节水洁具、节能汽车等绿色消费。大力整顿和规范市场秩序,加强产品质量安全监管,切实维护消费者合法权益。

(1)请指出表一的经济信息。

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(2)运用社会再生产的知识,分析材料二中政府的有关举措对扩大消费需求的积极作用。

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(3)结合材料一、二,运用“价值判断和价值选择”的知识,说明国家提出扩大内需特别是消费需求政策的正确性。

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答案

(1)①2009年至2011年,我国GDP增长迅速,主要依靠投资和消费拉动。

②与世界平均水平相比,我国投资过旺,消费对经济发展的贡献率偏低。

③受国际金融市场影响,我国的出口贡献率较低。反映了我国投资、消费与出口三大需求不协调、不平衡。

(2 )扩大消费需求需要生产、分配、交换和消费等社会再生产四个环节的有机结合。生产决定消费,大力发展社会化养老、家政、物业、医疗保健等服务业,积极发展网络购物等新型消费业态,有利于改变消费方式,提高消费水平,为扩大消费创造动力。分配和交换是连接生产和消费的桥梁和纽带。大力调整收入分配格局,增加中低收入者收入,有利于缩小收入差距,提高社会总体消费水平。大力整顿和规范市场秩序,加强产品质量安全监管,有助于消费者创造良好的消费环境。消费观念也是影响人们消费的重要因素,鼓励文化、旅游等消费,支持引导环保建材、节水洁具、节能汽车等消费,有利于引导人们重视精神消费、树立绿色消费观,有利于加快消费结构优化升级。

(3)①正确的价值判断和价值选择,要自觉遵循社会发展的客观规律。与世界平均水平相比,我国投资过旺,而受外部因素影响,我国外需不足。扩大内需特别是消费需求,正是遵循了社会主义市场经济发展规律,充分发挥消费需求对经济的拉动作用,有利于实现经济发展方式由主要依靠投资、 出口拉动向消费、投资、出口协同带动转变。

②正确价值判断和价值选择,要自觉站在最广大人民的立场上。扩大内需特别是消费需求可以满足人民日益增长的物质文化需要,提高生活品质,促进人的全面发展,充分调动劳动者积极性,有利于贯彻落实以人为本的科学发展观,做到发展为了人民,发展依靠人民,发展成果由人民共享。

选择题
阅读理解

Mr. Peter Johnson, aged twenty-three, battled for half an hour to escape from his trapped car yesterday when it landed upside down in three feet of water. Mr. Johnson took the only escape route—through the boot(行李箱).

Mr. Johnson’s car had finished up in a ditch(沟渠) at Romney Marsin, Kent after skidding on ice and hitting a bank. “Fortunately, the water began to come in only slowly,” Mr. Johnson said. “I couldn’t force the doors because they were jammed against the walls of the ditch and dared not open the windows because I knew water would come flooding in.”

Mr. Johnson, a sweet salesman of Sitting Home, Kent, first tried to attract the attention of other motorists by sounding the horn and hammering on the roof and boot. Then he began his struggle to escape.

Later he said, “It was really a half penny that saved my life. It was the only coin I had in my pocket and I used it to unscrew the back seat to get into the boot. I hammered desperately with a hammer trying to make someone hear, but no help came.”

It took ten minutes to unscrew the seat, and a further five minutes to clear the sweet samples from the boot. Then Mr. Johnson found a wrench and began to work on the boot lock. Fifteen minutes passed by. “It was the only chance I had. Finally it gave, but as soon as I moved the boot lid, the water and mud poured in. I forced the lid down into the mud and scrambled clear as the car filled up.”

His hands and arms cut and bruised(擦伤), Mr. Johnson got to Beckett Farm nearby, where he was looked after by the farmer’s wife, Mrs. Lucy Bates. Huddled in a blanket, he said, “That thirty minutes seemed like hours.” Only the tips of the car wheels were visible, police said last night. The vehicle had sunk into two feet of mud at the bottom of the ditch.

小题1:What is the best title for this newspaper article?

A.The Story of Mr. Johnson, A Sweet Salesman

B.Car Boot Can Serve As The Best Escape Route

C.Driver Escapes Through Car Boot

D.The Driver Survived A Terrible Car Accident小题2:Which of the following objects is the most important to Mr. Johnson?

A.The hammer.

B.The coin.

C.The screw.

D.The horn.小题3:Which statement is true according to the passage?

A.Mr. Johnson’s car stood on its boot as it fell down.

B.Mr. Johnson could not escape from the door because it was full of sweet jam.

C.Mr. Johnson’s car accident was partly due to the slippery road.

D.Mr. Johnson struggled in the pouring mud as he unscrewed the back seat.小题4:“Finally it gave” (Paragraph 5) means that _______. 

A.Luckily the door was torn away in the end

B.At last the wrench went broken

C.The lock came open after all his efforts

D.The chance was lost at the last minute小题5:It may be inferred from the passage that _______. 

A.the ditch was along a quiet country road

B.the accident happened on a clear warm day

C.the police helped Mr. Johnson get out of the ditch

D.Mr. Johnson had a tender wife and was well attended