问题 探究题

蚕在结茧时不吃也不动,一般会结出厚薄均匀的茧,但是有时也会结出厚薄不均的“薄头茧”,影响了蚕茧的出丝率。某研究性学习兴趣小组为了寻找“薄头茧”的原因,5月份进行了一次探究实验,9月份又进行了重复实验。两次实验均选择五龄期老熟蚕,将它们放入6片方格簇(每片方格簇有312格,即每片最多结茧312粒),7天后统计“薄头茧”的发生率。实验分为3组,三组的光线处理不同,实验结果见下表:

不同光照条件下平均结茧情况统计表(单位:%)

 第一组第二组第三组
光线明亮而不均匀明亮而均匀暗而均匀
实验Ⅰ(5月份)15.487.504.92
实验Ⅱ(9月份)17.178.854.50
总平均发生率16.338.184.71
请根据上述情况回答:

(l)从整个发育过程看,蚕的个体发育属于          发育。蚕茧是蚕蛾在发育过程中的________阶段出现的。

(2)该小组设计并实施这一实验的实验假设是:______________________        _____。

(3)在这一实验中,除要控制蚕的年龄和大小、实验时间相同外,还要控制其他实验条件相同,如________________________________。

(4)从表中分析,提高蚕茧的出丝率,蚕在结茧时应提供______________的环境条件,要使蚕丝产量提高,你认为应设法延长蚕发育的     期。

答案

(1)完全变态  蛹

(2)不同的光照条件能够影响蚕结出茧的均匀程度

(3)温度或湿度或气压等

(4)光线暗而均匀  幼虫期

题目分析:(1)家蚕的发育过程经过受精卵、幼虫、蛹和成虫4个时期,幼虫与成虫在形态构造和生活习性上明显不同,差异很大,属于完全部分发育,家蚕由受精卵发育成幼虫,取食桑叶,经过4次蜕皮,停止取食桑叶,吐丝结茧,将身体围绕起来结茧化蛹.

(2)做出的假设是依据问题做出的,假设的做出又与我们对结果的基本预测有着密切关系.根据表中三组实验的不同条件是光照,最后的实验结果是总平均发生率有明显不同,即可推测探究的问题是:光照条件能影响蚕结出茧的均匀程度吗?根据探究的问题作出的假设应是:光照能影响蚕结出茧的均匀程度.

(3)在研究一种条件对研究对象的影响时,所进行的除了这种条件不同外,其他条件都相同的实验叫做对照实验;这一种条件就算唯一实验变量;因此,我们在进行科学探究中,设计实验方案时,一定只能有一个变量,这样才能保证实验结果是由你所确定的实验变量引起的,其他因素均处于相同理想状态,这样便于排除因其他因素的存在而影响、干扰实验结果的可能.如蚕的大小、年龄、所处的温度、适度等.

(4)蚕茧是幼虫吐出的丝结成的,因此可延长蚕的幼虫期来增加蚕茧的产量.从表中可看出在光线暗而均匀的条件下“薄头茧”总发生率最低,因此可采用暗而均匀的光线提高蚕茧的质量.

阅读理解
请你仔细阅读下面短文,帮助Dr. Ma整理好他的案例。
     Mr. Ma, a famous mental (心理的) doctor from Beijing once said at an important meeting, "Now many
young students can have problems with their minds. Some students become worried because they have to
study very hard. Others have trouble getting on well with people around them like their parents and classmates.
Parents and teachers should care more about this problem."
     Then Mr. Ma gave some examples. One patient, Li Yun a middle school students from Xi'an was doing
badly in his lessons. He thought his teachers and friends often laughed at him, and he became so nervous and
worried that one night he left his homes without telling parents. Another student, Dai Yi, a 14-year-old
schoolgirl from Shanghai, was very afraid of exams. While she was reading the exam paper, she couldn't think
of anything to write. So she was worried and unhappy. At last even she wanted to kill herself
     A recent report from Jiefang Daily says about 18% of the young students in Shanghai have mental problems. They often fell worried and very unhappy. Unluckily many of them won't go and ask for help. Some think they will look stupid(not clever) if they go to see a doctor. Others won't talk about their secrets.
     At the end of the meeting, Mr. Ma offered some good ideas to young people: 
     ● Talk to your parents or teacher often. 
     ● Take part in group activities. 
     ● Try to get on well with the people around you. 
     ● Go to see a doctor if you often feel unhappy.
                                                 Case of Young Students 
                                      Problems with students' minds
1. become worried
2. have trouble getting on well with people around them
Name Problem Reason Advice
Li Yunbecame so nervous
and worried
did badly in his lessons.
1.______
Talk to your parents or teacher often.
2. ______
Da Yi3. ______ was very afraid of exams.Take part in group activities.
4. ______

  
单项选择题