问题 论述题

党的十七届六中全会通过了《中 * * 关于深化文化体制改革 推动社会主义文化大发展大繁荣若干重大问题的决定》,吹响了文化体制改革的进军号角。

材料一: N市党委和政府乘东风、抢机遇、抓落实,结合本地实际很快出台了《关于加快经营性文化单位转企改制的决定》。文件指出:“要科学界定文化单位性质和功能,制定公益性文化事业和经营性文化产业改革的不同措施,近期要重点抓好营业性文化单位的转企改制,区别对待、分类指导,先试点后推广,循序渐进、逐步推开,推进一般国有文艺院团、非时政类报刊社、新闻网站转企改制,形成符合现代企业制度要求、体现文化企业特点的资产组织形式和经营管理模式”。

材料二:西部某省针对本省公共文化服务体系不健全,束缚文化生产力发展的体制机制问题尚未根本解决等问题,推进文化体制改革,对150家经营性文化单位实行转企改制,盘活了文化资源。同时,加强公共文化服务体系建设,免费向公众开放全省所有公共图书馆、美术馆、文化馆(站),实施“两馆一站一室建设”“农村舞台艺术繁荣”“农村电影放映”“文化信息资源共享”和“农村文化人才培训”等五个重点工程,让城乡群众共享更多公共文化成果。

(1)请用辩证唯物主义的有关知识分析材料一中N市党委和政府做法。(12分)

(2)依据材料二,运用经济基础与上层建筑的辩证关系,说明该省推进文化体制改革的的必要性。(10分)

答案

(1)①矛盾有主次之分,主要矛盾决定事物的发展方向,这要求我们必须集中力量解决主要矛盾。近期重点抓好营业性文化单位的转企改制说明这一点。②矛盾具有特殊性,必须坚持具体问题具体分析。因此必须“科学界定文化单位性质和功能,制定公益性文化事业和经营性文化产业改革的不同措施,区别对待、分类指导”。③矛盾的普遍性和特殊性是辩证统一的关系,一方面,普遍性寓于特殊性之中,另一方面,特殊性也离不开普遍性,这要求我们必须坚持共性与个性的具体的历史的统一。 “分类指导,先试点后推广”体现了这一点。④事物发展是量变和质变的统一,量变是质变的必要准备,这要求我们必须重视量的积累。因此,转企改制必须循序渐进、逐步推开。(每点3分,从其他角度作答言之有理也可酌情给分)

(2)①经济基础决定上层建筑。解决束缚文化生产力发展的体制机制问题要求推进文化体制改革。(3分)②上层建筑对经济基础具有反作用。当上层建筑适合经济基础并且为先进的经济基础服务时,有利于推动生产力的发展。通过推进文化体制改革,盘活了文化资源,解放和发展了文化生产力。(4分)③推进文化体制改革遵循了上层建筑一定要适合经济基础状况的规律,是发展中国特色社会主义文化的强大动力。(3分)

题目分析:(1)设问中“辩证唯物主义”是解题的范围,包括了唯物辩证法;辩证唯物论;认识论。材料中“近期要重点抓好营业性文化单位的转企改制”体现了抓主要矛盾。“区别对待、分类指导”体现出矛盾具有特殊性,必须坚持具体问题具体分析。“先试点后推广,循序渐进、逐步推开”体现出了两个知识点,一是矛盾的普遍性和特殊性是辩证统一的关系,一方面,普遍性寓于特殊性之中,另一方面,特殊性也离不开普遍性,这要求我们必须坚持共性与个性的具体的历史的统一;二是事物发展是量变和质变的统一,量变是质变的必要准备,这要求我们必须重视量的积累,因此,转企改制必须循序渐进、逐步推开。

(2)设问中“运用经济基础与上层建筑的辩证关系”是解题的关键。经济基础与上层建筑的辩证关系是经济基础决定上层建筑,上层建筑对经济基础具有反作用。当上层建筑适合经济基础并且为先进的经济基础服务时,有利于推动生产力的发展。“束缚文化生产力发展的体制机制问题尚未根本解决等问题,推进文化体制改革”体现了经济基础决定上层建筑。“对150家经营性文化单位实行转企改制,盘活了文化资源”体现出当上层建筑适合经济基础并且为先进的经济基础服务时,有利于推动生产力的发展。

点评:此类试题要求学生掌握辩证唯物主义、经济基础与上层建筑的辩证关系。此类问题的回答,首先一定要重视材料中的关键词,如设问中的“辩证唯物主义”、“运用经济基础与上层建筑的辩证关系”,有的放矢;其次要熟悉书本内容,能够按题目要求来回答问题;第三,分析回答问题一定要结合材料,让回答的内容更为充实。本题难度较高,考查学生根据书本知识结合材料进行分析的能力。

阅读理解

阅读理解。

     My grandparents can be good fun. They are retired, so they don't work anymore. My grandfather is

68 and my grandmother is 67, but they are not too old to be active. They exercise by playing golf and they

go out for meals and to the theater. Sometimes they take me out too. We have a good time. They also go on

great holidays Last year, they went to China and walked along the Great Wall!

     Sometimes, my grandparents like to criticize me. They think that children today have an easy life. Life

was very different when they were young and there are many things about my life that they do not understand. They tell me, over and over, how they had to start work at 16. They know that I will go on to university and

won't be getting a job until I am about 22! They also think that I have too many possessions (财产), such as

mobile phones,computers and PSPs. When they were young, they did not have anything like that. What they

do not realize is that they cannot compare children at present time. They had the same kinds of things as the

rest of people of their age-so do I. It would be very strange if I only had the possessions that they had when

they were my age.

1. Grandparents don't work anymore because ________.

A. they are tired

B. they want to play golf

C. they are retired

D. they want to enjoy their life

2. My grandparents sometimes criticize me. One reason is that ________.

A. I don't go on great holidays with them

B. I won't work until 22

C. they had to work at 16

D. children today have an easy life

3. Grandparents ________ when they were young.

A. had the same life as we have today

B. had the same kinds of things as we have

C. had the same kinds of things as people of their age

D. had many possessions, including mobile phones, computers and PSPs

4. What does this sentence "but they are not too old to be active" mean?

A. They are old, so they are not active.

B. They are old, but they are still active.

C. They are retired, so they are active.

D. When they were young, they were active.

5. Which statement is NOT right?

A. My grandparents love me very much.

B. My grandparents don't understand many things about me life.

C. My grandparents don't think I need too many possessions.

D. My grandparents have realized they shouldn't compare children at present time.

多项选择题