问题 实验题

在“测小灯泡电功率”的实验中,小灯泡的额定电压是2.5V,滑动变阻器上标有“10Ω 2A”字样,小灯泡的电阻小于10Ω。

请用笔画线代替导线,将图(甲)所示的实物电路连接完整(要求导线不交叉)。

连接好电路后,为了保证电路的安全,要将滑动变阻器的滑片移至      端(填“A”或“B”),才能闭合开关;闭合开关时,发现电流表指针偏向没有刻度的那一边,造成这一故障的原因是                                      

排除故障,闭合开关,电压表的示数为1.5V,为了让小灯泡正常发光,应将滑片向      端移动(选填“A”或“B”)。

当小灯泡正常发光时,电流表示数如图(乙)所示,通过小灯泡的电流是     A。小灯泡的额定功率是        W。

将图17(甲)中的小灯泡更换成定值电阻,且电路连接完好,还可以完成的实验是(   )

A.探究电流的磁场强弱与电流大小的关系       B.探究电流与电压关系

C.探究电流产生的热量与电阻的关系           D.探究电流与电阻关系

答案

(1)略 (2)A(说明:若滑动变阻器接了B接线柱,则此空填A,反之填B) 电流表的正负接线柱接反了 (3)B(说明:若滑动变阻器接了B接线柱,则此空填B,反之填A) (4)0.3  0.75 (5)B

(1)电压表的量程由灯泡的额定电压来确定,电压表与灯泡并联.

滑动变阻器选择一上一下串联在电路中.

(2)连接好电路后,滑动变阻器的滑片处于最大阻值处,起到保护电路的作用.

电流表的指针反偏,电流表的正负接线柱接反了.

(3)电压表测灯泡电压,使灯泡的电压增大,电路电流增大,总电阻减小,滑动变阻器连入电路的部分减小.

(4)电流表读数:确定使用的量程,确定每一个大格和每一个小格各代表多少.知道灯泡的额定电压和额定电流,根据P=UI计算额定功率.

(5)完成每个实验各需要什么器材,各需要控制什么,需要改变什么,分析本实验器材是否能满足实验要求

解:(1)灯泡的额定电压为2.5V,电压表选择0~3V量程,电压表并联在灯泡两端.

滑动变阻器已经选定了上面接线柱,任意选择下面一个接线柱,把滑动变阻器串联在电路中.如图.

(2)滑动变阻器接入右半段,滑片处于A端,滑动变阻器连入电路的电阻最大,对电路起到保护作用.

电流表的指针反偏,电流表的正负接线柱接反了.

(3)电压表测量灯泡的电压,电压表示数为1.5V,灯泡两端的电压为1.5V,

要使灯泡两端电压由1.5V增大到2.5V,电路电流要增大,总电阻减小,滑动变阻器连入电路的部分减小,滑片向B端移动.

(4)电流表使用的0~0.6A量程,每一个大格代表0.2A,每一个小格代表0.02A,电流为0.3A.

P=UI=2.5V×0.3A=0.75W.

(5)A、电流磁场的强弱无法直接观察,通过观察电磁铁吸引大头针的多少来反映磁性的强弱.本实验器材不能完成.

B、探究电流与电压的关系时,控制电阻不变,通过滑动变阻器改变定值电阻两端的电压,来探究流与电压的关系.本实验器材能完成.

C、Q=I2Rt,探究电流产生的热量与电阻的关系时,控制电流和通电时间不变,只有一个定值电阻,不能改变电阻,无法进行实验.本实验器材能完成.

D、探究电流与电阻的关系时,保证电压一定,改变电阻大小,只有一个定值电阻,不能改变电阻,无法进行实验.本实验器材能完成.

故答案为:(1)如图;(2)A;电流表正负接线柱接反了;(3)B;(4)0.3;0.75;(5)B.

选择题
阅读理解

阅读理解。

     Time spent in a bookshop can be most enjoyable, whether you are a book-lover or merely you are there

to buy a book as a present. You may even have entered the shop just to find shelter from a sudden shower.

Whatever the reason, you can soon become totally unaware of your surroundings. You soon become engrossed

in some book or other, and usually it is only much later that you realise you have spent far too much time there

and must dash off to keep some forgotten appointment-without buying a book, of course.

     This opportunity to escape the realities of everyday life is, I think, the main attraction of a bookshop. There

are not many places where it is possible to do this. You can wander round such places to your heart's content.

If it is a good shop, no assistant will disturb you with usual greetings,"Can I help you, sir?" Of course you may

want to find out where a particular section is. Then, and only then, are his services necessary. However, when

he has led you there, the assistant should retire carefully and look as if he is not interested in selling a single

book.

     You have to be careful not to be attracted by the variety of books in a bookshop. It is very easy to enter the

shop looking for a book on ancient coins and to come out carrying a copy of the latest best-selling novel. This

sort of thing can be very dangerous. Apart from running up a huge account, you can waste a great deal of time

wandering from section to section.

1. Which may not be included in the writer's experiences while he is in a bookshop?

A. Getting relaxed without buying a book.

B. Quarrelling with the shop assistant.

C. Buying other books instead of those he wanted.

D. Forgetting some important appointment.

2. What does the writer mean by saying "time spent in a bookshop can be most enjoyable"?

A. You may free yourself from the real life.

B. Reading is free of charge there.

C. There is nobody disturbing you there.

D. You can enter without any certain reason.

3. What does the underlined word engrossed most probably mean in the first paragraph?

A. Lost.

B. Forbidden.

C. Puzzled.

D. Impressed.

4. The writer wrote the passage in order to _____.

A. suggest a good way of running a bookshop

B. encourage people to do some reading in bookshops

C. share his experience in bookshops

D. give some advice on buying books in a bookshop