问题 问答题

如图所示,是测量小灯泡电功率的电路图,

(1)根据电路图,用笔画线代替导线连接好实物图.

(2)连接电路时开关应______,闭合开关S前,滑片应置于______端;

(3)若灯泡上标有2.5V,实验中测得有三组数据如下表,灯泡的额定功率为______.

次数电压/V电流/A
12.00.34
22.50.38
33.00.41
(4)在某次测量中,电流表与电压表的示数如图所示:则电压表的示数为______,电流表的示数为______.此时灯泡灯丝的电阻为______,电功率为______.跟正常发光时相比,亮度变______(填“暗”或“亮”).为了使小灯泡正常发光,滑动变阻器的滑动触头应向______方向移动,此时滑动变阻器的功率为______(小灯泡电阻不变).

(5)小方同学在做实验时,电路连接无误.闭合开关后,发现电压表的示数为3V,而电流表的示数为零.该故障的原因可能是______.

(6)这个电路除了可以测量小灯泡的电功率外,还可以用来测量______.

答案

(1)测量电功率实验中电流表、滑动变阻器要串联在电路中,电压表和灯泡并联,具体连接如图所示:

(2)连接电路时开关应断开,滑动变阻器的滑片移到最大阻值处,防止电流过大烧坏电路元件,即B端;

(3)由表可知:灯泡在额定电压U=2.5V下,通过灯泡的电流为0.38A;

所以灯泡的额定功率为:P=UI=2.5V×0.38A=0.95W;

(4)电压表选择的量程是0~3V,其分度值为0.1V,所以电压表的示数为2.3V;

电流表选择的量程是0~0.6A,其分度值是为0.02A,所以电流表的示数为0.36A;灯泡的电阻R=

U
I
=
2.3V
0.36A
=6.39Ω;

电功率为P=UI=2.3V×0.36A=0.828W<0.98W,所以灯泡变暗;

小灯泡电压为2.3V,故要达到额定电压应增大电压,即应减小滑动变阻器接入电阻,故应将滑片向左端移动,使灯泡两端的电压达到额定电压2.5V;

此时滑动变阻器两端的电压U=U-U=3V-2.5V=0.5V,由表格可知电路中电流I=0.38A,则此时滑动变阻器的功率为P=UI=0.5V×0.38A=0.19W;

(5)电压表示数等于电源电压,说明电压表测量的为电源电压,电流表示数为零,说明电路中有部分断路,即小灯泡灯丝断了或小灯泡的灯座接触不良;

(6)该装置中可以测出灯泡的电压和电流,故据公式R=

U
I
可判断,该装置还能测出灯泡的电阻.

故答案为:(1)连接图同上:

(2)断开;B;(3)0.95W;(4)2.3V;0.36A;6.39Ω;0.828W;暗;A;0.19W;(5)小灯泡灯丝断了;(6)小灯泡的电阻.

阅读理解

阅读下面两篇短文,根据所给语境,按要求完成下列各题。

     Many provinces, including Jiangsu, Shandong, Shanxi, and Fujian, started a textbook recycling

program at the beginning of the new semester. The program is to cut paper use. ①If all the textbooks are

reused for five years in China, the country can save about 225 million yuan.

     Under the program, primary and middle schools give out textbooks to students free of charge. ②The

books will be collected at the end of the semester for future use, so they need to be kept in good

condition.

     Getting new textbooks each semester has been the routine (常规) for most Chinese students for

many years, especially in rich places. Many grandmothers make textbook covers for their grandsons or

granddaughters, who come home with their school bags full of new textbooks on the first day of a new

semester. So can students accept the change? At least some students said they could accept the change.

"I like the idea of recycling my textbooks and I will do my best to keep them as new as possible," said

Zhang Muge, a grade two student. ③But some parents don't like this. "Recycled books may carry

germs (细菌) from previous (前任的) users," said a father in Fuzhou city. "I prefer to pay for the new

text books since they are not that expensive."

1. 请将①处翻译成汉语.

  _________________________________________________________________                 

2. 根据②处内容,完成下面句子。(每空一词)

     The books will be collected at the end of the semester                                 they can be 

reused in the future.

3. 根据③处完成下面的句子。

     Some parents are                 recycling textbooks because they think recycled books may 

cause                  problems.

填空题