问题 实验题

在“测定小灯泡的电功率”的实验中,已知小灯泡的额定电压为3.8V。(10分)

(1)请完成上图中的电路连接,要求滑动变阻器滑片右移时灯泡变亮;

(2)某同学连接好电路后,闭合开关移动滑片,发现小灯泡亮度始终较暗,电压表、电流表均有示数,出现这种现象的原因可能是_________;有同学按图示连好电路,调节滑动变阻器的过程中小灯泡却突然熄灭而电压表有示数,此时观察电流表和电压表的示数应该分别为      A和      V;

(3)接线正确后,闭合开关,移动滑动变阻器的滑片到某一点,电压表的示数如图甲所示,为____V,要测量小灯泡的额定功率,应将滑片P向___端(填“A”或“B”端)的方向滑动;

(4)当小灯泡正常发光时,电流表的示数如图乙所示,则小灯泡的额定功率是___W。

(5)该同学在对测量数据的记录和处理时设计了如下表格,你认为这张表格的设计是          (选填“正确”或“错误”)的。

次数U/VI/AP/W平均值P/W
1    
2   
3   

答案

(1)如图

(2) 滑动变阻器接入了两个下接线柱      0        4.5

(3)      0.5               B

(4)  1.14

(5)   错误

题目分析:滑动变阻器滑片右移时电阻变小,灯泡变亮,故滑动变阻器连接接线柱D。连接好电路后,闭合开关移动滑片,发现小灯泡亮度始终较暗,电压表、电流表均有示数,出现这种现象的原因可能是滑动变阻器接入了两个下接线柱。调节滑动变阻器的过程中小灯泡却突然熄灭而电压表有示数,电路中无电流,电压表测量的是电源电压。此时观察电流表和电压表的示数应该分别为0A和4.5v。接线正确后,闭合开关,移动滑动变阻器的滑片到某一点,电压表的示数如图甲所示,为0.5V,要测量小灯泡的额定功率,应将滑片P向B端的方向滑动。当小灯泡正常发光时,电流表的示数如图乙所示,则小灯泡的额定功率是P=UI=3.8*0.3A=1.14W.电功率不能求平均值。

点评:在此题中运用伏安法测量小灯泡的电功率。注意电压表和电流表的连接方式和读数。

完形填空
阅读下列短文,从文后各题所给四个选项中选出一个最佳答案。
     There was a blind girl who hated herself because she wasn't able to see anything. In fact, she __1__
nobody except her boyfriend, for he was always __2__ to help her. She often told her boyfriend, "If I could
see the __3__, I would marry you."
     One day, someone donated a pair of __4__ to her. When the bandages (绷带) came off, she was able
to see everything, including her boyfriend, for the __5__ time. He asked her, "Now that you could see
everything, will you __6__ me?" The girl looked at her boyfriend and was greatly surprised to see that he
was __7__. She had never hoped that. She wouldn't like to be with a blind husband for the rest of her life,
so she __8__ to marry him.
     Her boyfriend left in tears and a few days later wrote a __9__ to her, saying, " My dear, take good care
of your eyes. __10__ they are yours, they were mine."
     This is how the human brain (人脑) often works when our status (地位) changes. Only a very few
remember what __11__ was like before. And we often ask for more than we need. Life is a gift. Today,
before you complain (抱怨) about __12__ of your food, think of someone who has nothing to __13__.
Before you complain about your old __14__, think of the people who are living in the streets. And when
you are tired and complain about your job, think of those who have no jobs. So __15__ what you have
and don't forget your past.
( )1. A. forgot
( )2. A. ready
( )3. A. sight
( )4. A. shoes  
( )5. A. first
( )6. A. follow
( )7. A. ugly  
( )8. A. decided
( )9. A. diary  
( )10. A. Before
( )11. A. mind
( )12. A. taste
( )13. A. do      
( )14. A. food
( )15. A. spend
B. loved
B. unhappy
B. world
B. glasses
B. second
B. love  
B. sick
B. agreed
B. note  
B. After  
B. work  
B. size
B. wear
B. house
B. enjoy
C. disliked
C. angry  
C. earth
C. trousers
C. next
C. marry
C. short  
C. refused
C. song      
C. Once
C. school
C. color
C. eat
C. clothes
C. pay
D. thanked
D. sad    
D. people  
D. eyes    
D. last    
D. see    
D. blind  
D. wanted  
D. story  
D. Since  
D. life    
D. shape  
D. make    
D. bus    
D. take    
单项选择题