问题 问答题

简述婴幼儿易患腹泻的内在因素。

答案

参考答案:

婴幼儿易患腹泻的内在因素:①消化系统发育不成熟,各种消化酶分泌较少,活性较低,因而对食物的耐受力差,不易适应食物和量的较大变化;且小儿生长发育迅速,需要的营养物质相对较多,胃肠道负担重,消化功能经常处于紧张状态,易发生消化功能紊乱。②胃酸酸度低,且胃排空较快,故对进入胃内细菌的杀菌能力较弱;血液中的免疫球蛋白和胃肠道分泌型IgA均较低,故免疫功能较差,对感染的防御能力低。③婴儿时期的神经系统、内分泌系统、循环系统以及肝、肾功能均未成熟,调节功能较差,且较易发生体液及酸碱平衡紊乱。

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填空题


In the following passage, there are 25 blanks representing words that are missing from the context. You are to put back in each of the blanks the missing word. Write your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. The time for this section is 25 minutes.
Some consumer researchers distinguish (1) "rational" motives and "emotional" (or "non-rational") motives. They use the term "rationality" (2) the traditional economic sense that assumes (3) consumers behave rationally when they carefully consider all alternatives (4) choose those that give them the greatest utility (i.e., satisfaction). (5) a marketing context, the term "rationality" implies that the consumer selects goods based (6) totally objective criteria, such (7) size, weight, price, and so on. "Emotional" motives imply the selection of goods (8) to personal or subjective criteria—the desire (9) individuality, pride, fear, affection or status.
The assumption underlying this distinction is (10) subjective or emotional criteria do not maximize utility or satisfaction. (11) , it is reasonable to assume that consumers always attempt to select alternatives that, (12) their view, serve to maximize satisfaction. Obviously, the assessment of satisfaction is a very personal process, based (13) the individual’s own needs as (14) as on past behavioral, social, and learning experiences. What may appear (15) irrational to an outside observer may be perfectly rational (16) the context of the consumer’s own psychological field. For example, a product purchased to enhance one’s self-image (such as a fragrance) is a perfectly rational form of consumer behavior. (17) behavior did not appear rational to the person who undertakes it (18) the time that it is undertaken, obviously he or she would not do it. (19) the distinction between rational and emotional motives does not appear to be warranted.
Some researchers go so far (20) to suggest that emphasis (21) "needs" obscures the rational, or conscious, nature of most consumer motivation. They claim that consumers act consciously (22) maximize their gains and minimize their losses; that they act not (23) subconscious drives but from rational preferences, (24) what they perceive to be (25) their own best interests.