问题 问答题

某校九年级(1)班的同学,用氯酸钾和二氧化锰混合加热制取氧气,并把完全反应后的剩余固体进行分离回收,用回收的氯化钾固体配置1000g 5.25%氯化钾溶液,用于浇花.以下是他们设计的实验方案:

第一步:制取氧气.实验装置如图所示

第二步:分离剩余固体,其步骤为:溶解→过滤→蒸发.

第三步:利用回收的氯化钾固体配制1000g 5.25%氯化钾溶液.

全过程如图所示:

根据上述设计回答:(1)制取氧气的化学反应方程式为:______

(2)指出第一步设计(图)中的两处错误:①______,

②______;

(3)①溶解、过滤、蒸发时都需用到的仪器是______(填序号);

A、酒精灯      B、烧杯      C、玻璃棒        D、漏斗       E、量筒

②用酒精灯加热滤液,进行蒸发操作,当蒸发皿中出现较多固体时,停止加热.利用______.

(4)如果配制的氯化钾溶液中,氯化钾的质量分数小于5.25%,误差的原因有多种,因使用托盘天平和量筒操作不当引起的原因有:

①托盘天平未调零;②砝码和药品放反了;③______;④______(托盘天平和量筒各回答一问).

答案

(1)氯酸钾和二氧化锰混合加热生成氧气和氯化钾,其中二氧化锰作催化剂,生成的气体需加↑,所以化学方程式:2KClO3

MnO2
.
2KCl+3O2

    (2)图中试管的加热方法不正确,应该试管口略向下倾斜(防止水倒流炸裂试管),移动酒精灯灯焰均匀加热,然后用外焰固定在药品部位加热;另外试管内的导气管不能太长,气体不容易导出

   (3)①溶解、过滤、蒸发时都需用到的仪器是玻璃棒②蒸发皿中出现较多固体时,停止加热,可以利用蒸发皿的余热使滤液蒸干

    (4)对于氯化钾的质量分数小于5.25%,从托盘天平称量药品分析,肯能是①托盘天平未调零②砝码和药品放反③称量时左盘放纸右边不放;从量筒量取溶质水而言,可能是量取水读数时仰视,造成溶质质量偏大,结果溶质质量分数偏小.

故正确答案:

(1)2KClO3

MnO2
.
2KCl+3O2

(2)①试管口没有略向下倾斜;②进入试管内的导气管太长

(3)①C;②蒸发皿的余热使滤液蒸干.

(4)③称量时左盘放纸右边不放;④量取水读数时仰视

单项选择题 A3/A4型题
阅读理解

One evening I went out and left my 17-year-old son and his girlfriend in charge of his 8-year-old brother and 4-year-old sister. I left with complete confidence that the older children would do a wonderful job of babysitting the younger children. Later, I discovered that I was completely wrong.

I had decided to return home earlier than planned so that my son and his girlfriend could go out. I called home with this happy news.But instead of hearing his cheerful, grateful voice on the other end of the line, all I heard was the sound of a telephone ringing.

It was, I should point out, after 10 p.m., when the two younger children should have been in bed, and when the two older children should have been answering the phone. “I’ll give him a lesson, ” I said.I decided they must be outside.Why they might be outside at 10:30 on a winter night I had no idea, but it was the only explanation I could come up with.

Finally, in desperation(绝望), I called his girlfriend’s house. His girlfriend answered.“Yes,” she said brightly, “He’s right here.”

He came on the phone.I was not my usual calm, patient.After all, one of the rules of survival for modern parents is that you can’t trust modern teenagers. “Where are the children?” I said. He said they were with him.They had done nothing wrong.My son had taken the younger children over to his girlfriend’s house just for ice cream and cake. Well, it turns out that I shouldn’t have believed it.It was only part of the truth.

The following Saturday evening we were at my parents’ home, celebrating my birthday.My oldest son gave me the children’s gifts --- a series of lovely color photographs of my children, dressed in their best clothes, and wearing their most wonderful expressions. They are pictures to treasure a lifetime, all taken by the father of my son’s girlfriend.

小题1:The author went out and left her eldest son in charge of the younger children because

_____.

A.she knew that his girlfriend was a good baby-sitter

B.she believed he could take good care of the younger ones with the help of his girlfriend

C.the older children have always loved the younger ones

D.she could not find a baby-sitter on that winter night小题2:Shortly after the author left home one evening, she discovered that _____.

A.her son had brought his girlfriend home

B.her son had left home with his girlfriend

C.she shouldn’t have completely trusted her son

D.she should have taken the children along with her小题3:“It was only part of the truth.” implies that the children not only enjoyed ice-cream but also _____.

A.had their pictures taken

B.received some gifts

C.had a birthday party

D.showed off their best clothes