问题 问答题

某校九年级(1)班的同学,用氯酸钾和二氧化锰混合加热制取氧气,并把完全反应后的剩余固体进行分离回收,用回收的氯化钾固体配置1000g 5.25%氯化钾溶液,用于浇花.以下是他们设计的实验方案:

第一步:制取氧气.实验装置如图所示

第二步:分离剩余固体,其步骤为:溶解→过滤→蒸发.

第三步:利用回收的氯化钾固体配制1000g 5.25%氯化钾溶液.

全过程如图所示:

根据上述设计回答:(1)制取氧气的化学反应方程式为:______

(2)指出第一步设计(图)中的两处错误:①______,

②______;

(3)①溶解、过滤、蒸发时都需用到的仪器是______(填序号);

A、酒精灯      B、烧杯      C、玻璃棒        D、漏斗       E、量筒

②用酒精灯加热滤液,进行蒸发操作,当蒸发皿中出现较多固体时,停止加热.利用______.

(4)如果配制的氯化钾溶液中,氯化钾的质量分数小于5.25%,误差的原因有多种,因使用托盘天平和量筒操作不当引起的原因有:

①托盘天平未调零;②砝码和药品放反了;③______;④______(托盘天平和量筒各回答一问).

答案

(1)氯酸钾和二氧化锰混合加热生成氧气和氯化钾,其中二氧化锰作催化剂,生成的气体需加↑,所以化学方程式:2KClO3

MnO2
.
2KCl+3O2

    (2)图中试管的加热方法不正确,应该试管口略向下倾斜(防止水倒流炸裂试管),移动酒精灯灯焰均匀加热,然后用外焰固定在药品部位加热;另外试管内的导气管不能太长,气体不容易导出

   (3)①溶解、过滤、蒸发时都需用到的仪器是玻璃棒②蒸发皿中出现较多固体时,停止加热,可以利用蒸发皿的余热使滤液蒸干

    (4)对于氯化钾的质量分数小于5.25%,从托盘天平称量药品分析,肯能是①托盘天平未调零②砝码和药品放反③称量时左盘放纸右边不放;从量筒量取溶质水而言,可能是量取水读数时仰视,造成溶质质量偏大,结果溶质质量分数偏小.

故正确答案:

(1)2KClO3

MnO2
.
2KCl+3O2

(2)①试管口没有略向下倾斜;②进入试管内的导气管太长

(3)①C;②蒸发皿的余热使滤液蒸干.

(4)③称量时左盘放纸右边不放;④量取水读数时仰视

阅读理解

     A maths talent who won fame this week for giving up a milliondollar prize is living with his mother in

a simple flat in St Petersburg, coexisting on her £ 30amonth pension, because he has been

unemployed for many years.

     The Sunday Telegraph tracked down the strange recluse(隐士) who shocked the maths world

when he solved a centuryold puzzle known as the Poincar? Conjecture.

     Grigory Perelman's trouble comes from a split with a leading Russian mathematical institute, the

Steklov, in 2003. When the Institute in St Petersburg failed to reelect him as a member, Dr Perelman

was left feeling an "absolutely ungifted and untalented person", said a friend. He became unconfident

and cut himself off.

     Other friends say he cannot afford to travel to the International Mathematical Union's congress in

Madrid, where many people want him to receive the maths equivalent(等价物) of the Nobel Prize, and

that he is too modest to ask anyone to pay for his trip.

     Interviewed in St Petersburg, Dr Perelman insisted that he was unworthy of all the attention, and

was uninterested in the prize. "I do not think anything that I say can be of the slightest public interest,"

he said. "I am not saying that because I value my privacy, or that I am doing anything I want to hide.

There are no topsecret projects going on here. I just believe the public has no interest in me."

     He continued: "I know that selfpromotion happens a lot and if people want to do that, good luck to

them, but I do not regard it as a positive thing. I realized this a long time ago and nobody is going to

change my mind. Newspapers should be more discerning(有洞察力的) over who they write about.

They should have more taste. As far as I am concerned, I can't offer anything for their readers."

     Dr Perelman has some small savings from his time as a lecturer, but is apparently unwilling to increase

them with the D$1 million offered by the Clay Mathematics Institute in Cambridge, Massachusetts,

for solving one of the world's seven "Millennium Problems".  

1. Grigory Perelman lives with his mother because ________.

A. he has to look after her

B. his mother has a million dollars

C. he has been out of work for a long time

D. he is badly paid at the mathematical institute

2. The phrase"absolutely ungifted and untalented person"shows that Dr Perelman felt ________.

A. angry          

B. discouraged

C. proud                    

D. confident

3. Grigory Perelman refused to accept the prize because ________.

A. he thought the prize was worthless

B. he didn't believe the news

C. he couldn't afford to travel to Madrid

D. he showed no interest in it

4. From the passage, we can infer that Grigory Perelman ________.

A. solved the most difficult maths problem

B. has a strong personality

C. wanted to make himself known to all

D. didn't get on well with the press

5. What's the best title for the passage?

A. Great Mathematician Leads Simple Life

B. Maths Genius Abandons a Milliondollar Prize

C. Mathematics Institute Offers Grigory D$1 Million

D. One of the World's Seven "Millennium Problems" Solved

单项选择题