问题 读图填空题

阅读下列材料后回答问题。

材料一 美国科学家2001年11月25日宣布,他们首次成功克隆了人类胚胎。但是这些科学家同时声称,他们这样做的目的不是为了克隆人,而是为了制造胚胎干细胞治疗多种疾病。克隆就是将一个体细胞的细胞核移入一个已经去掉细胞核的卵母细胞中,然后用物理或化学方法刺激这个改造后的卵母细胞,使它开始分裂并成为一个胚胎,这个胚胎的基因与细胞核提供者的基因绝大部分是相同的。

材料二 2001年11月3日18时05分,我国首例“胎儿上皮细胞”克隆牛“康康”在山东莱阳农学院诞生。现场的公证人员公证,这是我国唯一存活的体细胞克隆牛。上皮细胞是高度分化的体细胞,分化程度越高克隆越难,把它作为供核细胞尚属首例。

材料三 如图1

材料四 如图2

(1)“改造后的卵母细胞”的分裂是________分裂。

(2)“胚胎的基因与细胞核提供者的基因绝大部分是相同的”。那么“不相同的基因”控制的性状遗传方式属于_________遗传。

(3)写出以下过程或结构的名称:A_________、B____________、C________、D_________。

(4)请列举出与材料二有关的生物技术:___________(至少两种)。

答案

(1)有丝

(2)细胞质(或母系)

(3)脱分化    愈伤组织    原生质体a     原生质体b

(4)细胞融合、核移植、胚胎移植、胚体外培养等

填空题
填空题

In February of 1997 Dolly, the first successful mammalian clone, was born in Edinburgh, Scotland. With the extensive news coverage of this momentous event, the study of genetic engineering and recombinant DNA was thrown into the public spotlight.
(41)__________Much of this unfounded fear is based upon memories of poorly researched science fiction novels, fear of the unknown, and a "growing mistrust of science".
(42)__________For example, it will be possible for cows to be genetically engineered to produce pharmaceuticals in their milk. This means that vaccination shots and pills would become obsolete. Babies could be brought up immune to diseases by simply being fed this milk. Imagine the impact on the quality of life for people who live in third world countries like Somalia. Whole countries could be made healthy and immune to disease.
(43)__________Rice does not provide all of the nutrients that the body needs and in these countries other food is very scarce. If rice or bread, another major staple, are genetically engineered to contain additional necessary vitamins and minerals then we could go a long way towards wiping out malnutrition all over the world.
(44)__________Organ transplants and cosmetic procedures, like silicone breast implants, that may cause disease would soon cease to exist. Instead of using materials foreign to the body for such procedures, doctors will be able to manufacture bone, fat, connective tissue, or cartilage that match the patient’s tissues exactly, thus ensuring that the needed tissue will be free of rejection by their immune system. Victims of terrible accidents that deform the face and body would be able to have their features repaired with new, safer technology.
(45)__________
Throughout time people have always been afraid of new technology and the power it might possess. When the car was first invented some contemporary scientists were convinced that the human body could not survive at speeds as high as twenty miles per hour. At one time birth control pills, in vitro fertilization, and heart transplants were criticized on the same grounds.
Genetic engineering is an extremely new aspect of our technological research and should, at all costs, be allowed to develop further. The immense possible benefits from genetic engineering are endless and should not be overlooked. Genetic engineering, then, is a tool that humans can use to cure many of their problems.
[A] Even though the risks are great, the beneficial possibilities are endless. Genetic engineering should be allowed to progress because of the potential benefits for the human species outweigh the consequences.
[B] Scientists are only beginning to explore the dangers and benefits of genetic engineering. Yet, instead of seeing the immense potential benefits, much of the American public is automatically rejecting this field of research.
[C] Genetic engineering also has the power to cure infertility, which a painful reality that many couples throughout the world face.
[D] Even with all these miraculous benefits, many people throughout the world feel that the issue of genetic engineering is absolutely preposterous and extremely unethical. Such opinions are understandable, considering that the majority of people are always going to be afraid of the unknown.
[E] Malnutrition, a common problem in many third world countries where impoverished peoples rely on a single crop such as rice for the main staple of their diet, could also possibly be cured with genetic engineering.
[F] But perhaps, the area that stands to benefit the most from genetic engineering is medicine.
[G] Genetic engineering is like performing heart surgery with a shovel. Scientists do not yet understand living systems completely enough to perform DNA surgery without creating mutations which could be harmful to the environment and our health.