问题 问答题

实验室内有一电流表A,量程为150mA,现要将其改装成量程较大的电流表,并进行校准,提供的器材:干电池E(电动势1.5V)、滑动变阻器(最大阻值20Ω)、定值电阻R0(阻值1.6Ω)、电压表(量程为600mV)、导线及开关.

(1)对电流表改装必须知道电流表A的内阻,采用如图所示的电路测电流表的内阻.若合上电键K,调节滑动变阻器,电压表V的读数为450mV,电流表A的读数为100mA,则电流表的内阻RA大小为______Ω

(2)若将其改装成量程为600mA的电流表,需______(填“串”或“并”)联阻值R为______Ω的电阻.(此电阻不在提供的器材之内)

(3)将改装后的电流表A1与标准电流表A2从零刻度开始逐格进行校准,在方格内画出校准电路图

(4)若改装后的电流表比标准电流表的读数偏大,如果改装的电流表改装前满偏电流是准确的,出现误差的原因可能是______

A.RA的测量值比真实值偏大

B.RA的测量值比真实值偏小

C.改装时实际接入的电阻比计算出的电阻R偏小

D.改装时实际接入的电阻比计算出的电阻R偏大.

答案

(1)由

I A
R
 A
=
U v
可知,
R A
=
U v
I A
=
450
100
Ω=4.5Ω.

(2)根据并联电阻的分流作用可知,若将其改装成量程为600mA的电流表应并联一个电阻R,由

I A
R
 A
=(I-
I A
)R,可求出R=1.5Ω.

(3)校准时电流应从零调起,所以滑动变阻器应用分压式接法,并且两电流表要串联起来,如图(没有接入

R 0
也可以).

(4)根据电流表的改装方法可知,如果改装的电流表改装前满偏电流是准确的,根据I=

U
R A
可知,若
R A
的测量值偏大,则根据相同的电压U求出的电流较小,即实际的电流偏大,所以若改装后的电流表读数偏大,可能是
R A
的测量值偏大引起,故A正确B错误;又根据
I A
R A
=(I-
I A
)R可知,若改装时实际接入的电阻比计算出的电阻R偏大,则电流表的分流变大,从而电流表的示数变大,所以D正确C错误.

故答案为:(1)4.5

        (2)并,1.5

        (3)如图

        (4)AD

阅读理解

Mr. Brown was going away for a week. Before he left, he said to his son, "if anyone asks for me, you can tell him that your father has been out for doing something, and will be back in a week, then be sure to ask him to sit down for a cup of tea."

"OK, Dad," said his son. But he was afraid his son couldn’t remember this, he wrote these words down on a piece of paper and gave it to him. His son put it into his small pocket, took it out and looked at it every now and then.

Four days passed, but no one came to see his father. The boy thought that there was no man to come and that the piece of paper was of no more use for him, so he burnt it that evening.

The next afternoon, someone knocked at the door. The boy opened it. A man was standing at the door and said, "Where is your father?" The boy put his hand into his pocket at once and looked for the piece of paper. He could not find it. He suddenly remembered he had burnt it, so he shouted, "No more."

The man was very surprised. He asked, "No more? I met your father last week. When did it happen?" "Burnt yesterday evening."

小题1:Mr. Brown told his son that _____.

A.he would be away from home for four days

B.he would be back in seven days

C.he would be back in a month

D.he liked a cup of tea小题2: Mr. Brown wrote the words down on ________.

A.the wall

B.the door

C.a piece of paper

D.his son’s pocket小题3:A man came to visit the boy’s father on ________.

A.the second day

B.the third day

C.the fourth day

D.the fifth day小题4:The man was very surprised because _________.

A.he thought the child’s father was dead

B.the child didn’t ask him to sit down

C.the child gave him a cup of tea

D.he couldn’t find that piece of paper小题5:What was burnt? ___________.

A.The piece of paper.

B.Mr. Smith.

C.The visitor.

D.The boy.

单项选择题