问题 阅读理解

阅读理解。

     I found out that sometimes doing a favor for someone could get you into a lot of trouble. I was in the

eighth grade at the time, and we were having a final test. During the test, the girl sitting next to me said

something to me, but I didn't understand. So I got closer to her and found out that she was trying to ask

me if I had an extra pen. She showed me that hers could not write. I happened to have an extra one, so I

took it out of my pocket and put it on her desk.

     Later, after the test papers had been turned in, the teacher asked me to stay in the classroom when all

the other students were out. Then she began to talk to me about honesty and emphasized (重点强调)

the fact that when people do something dishonest, they are really cheating themselves. She made me

promise that I would think seriously about all the things she had said, and then she told me I could leave.

I walked out of the room wondering why she had talked to me about all those things.

     The next day, I realized that the teacher thought I had cheated on the test. When she saw me talk to

the girl next to me, it looked as if I was copying answers from the girl's test paper. I tried to explain about

the pen, but she said it seemed very strange to her that I hadn't talked of anything about the pen when she

talked to me after the test. She continued to believe that I had cheated on the test.

1. The story took place exactly ________.

A. in the teacher's office  

B. in the classroom

C. in the playground        

D. in the library

2. Why did the boy get close to his classmate during the test?

A. Because he wanted to borrow a pen from his classmate.

B. Because he wanted to copy his classmate's answers.

C. Because his classmate wanted to borrow a pen.

D. Because his classmate wanted to copy his answers.

3. When the teacher saw all this, she asked the boy ________.

A. to go on writing his paper        

B. to stop taking the exam  

C. to leave the room immediately  

D. to stay behind the classroom

4. The underlined word "cheated" means "________" in Chinese.

A. 迟到      

B. 睡觉

C. 玩耍    

D. 作弊

5. The boy realized the teacher made a mistake ________.

A. on the day of the test  

B. when he was walking out of the room  

C. when the teacher talked to him

D. the next day

答案

1-5 BCADD  

阅读理解与欣赏

阅读下面文章,回答下列小题。

“敬”的当代价值

对于孔子思想的认识,学界一般以“礼”和“仁”为核心,认为孔子继承了周礼,发展出“仁”的思想,因而着重探讨两者的关系及其当代意义。其实,在“礼”和“仁”之中还有更本质性的精神内涵,这种精神内涵可以用“敬”来概括。

礼最早是祭祀天地神灵的仪式活动。在那些高高在上的“天”、“神”面前,人自然产生敬畏的心理。其中的敬是出于内心的崇拜仰慕,而畏则是害怕受到惩罚。最早的礼活动即内含着这种敬畏的心情。

礼由祭祀的仪式活动发展为社会政治活动的规范形式时,“敬”作为内质也留存下来。这种“敬”保障了礼的实践可能性,而且其发自内心,即出于天赋,由“敬”而发的礼活动也就合乎天理,具有道德价值了。因此在国家政治活动中要求“敬”,社会的一切活动和个人的修养也以“敬”为内核。

孔子继承“礼”的同时,自然吸纳了“敬”的精神。在《论语》中,“敬”出现21次,频率颇高。这些关于“敬”的阐述,有继承,也有发展。关于祭祀活动,孔子继承了上古对“天”和“神”的敬仰态度,强调“祭如在,祭神如神在”,“祭思敬”。即使“敬鬼神而远之”一语,强调实践理性的重要性,也告诫人们对于鬼神要有敬畏的心态。关于政治活动,孔子也承传了西周以来的敬谨精神,故而回答鲁哀公说:“治礼,敬为大。”孔子对于“敬”的发展,在于把它扩展为普通人对待事物的敬业精神。“敬”原本主要表现在人对神、臣民对君王等下对上的关系上,孔子以后则成为所有社会成员为人做事的基本原则。《论语》中出现的21次“敬”中,关于敬事的即有18次。而且,由“礼”中发展出来的“仁”也以“敬”为本。一般认为,“仁”是“礼”的内核,“礼”是“仁”的形式,故而许多学者着重以“仁”为核心建构孔子的思想体系。其实,“仁”之中也必有“敬”的精神。没有发自内心的“敬”,也就没有真切的仁爱之情。

这种“敬”的思想较之“礼”和“仁”更是人类社会的本质需要,具有当代意义。“礼”和“仁”的思想建立在小农业文明的基础上。小农业社会的基本单位是家庭,国家不过是一个家族对其他家族的统治,个人只是家庭成员,而家庭主要由血缘关系构成。当代社会,已经走出了小农业文明时代,家庭在社会结构中的作用也日趋式微。而由于“仁”的观念是基于血缘关系的,有着疏近等差的特性,因而在现代社会中就会带有一定的局限性。与此不同,“敬”是人类在远古时期就普遍存在的精神状态,是人作为有限性的个体,面对无限的自然和社会时必然产生的,从远古主要对于自然的敬畏,到殷周以后更多的对于社会中年长者、位尊者的敬重,再到孔子普遍要求的为人行事的敬,“敬”的外延在扩大,其抽象的内涵也一直延伸着。

小题1:下列选项中关于“敬”的解说,不正确的一项是(  )                   

A.“敬”最早源自我国远古时期祭祀天地神灵的仪式活动。

B.“敬”以其发自内心、出于天赋的特性而成为一切社会活动和个人修养的“内核”。

C.“敬”作为人类普遍存在的精神状态,它的产生和发展体现了历史的必然性。

D.“敬”是人作为有限性的个体在面对无限的自然和社会时必然产生的一种精神状态。小题2:下列选项对“仁”、“礼”、“敬”之间关系的解释不正确的一项是(  )

A.“礼”和“仁”都以“敬”为本,“敬”保障了“礼”和“仁”的发展可能。

B.孔子继承周礼的同时,自然吸纳了“敬”的精神,并从“礼”中发展出了“仁”。

C.比起“礼”和“仁”来,“敬”的思想更能代表孔子的思想,更符合人类社会的本质需要。

D.“仁”是“礼”的内核,“礼”是“仁”的形式,二者之中都有“敬”的精神内涵。小题3:下列表述符合原文意思的一项是(  )                               

A.“敬”保障了“礼”的实践可能性,因此使“礼”由祭祀活动发展为社会政治活动的规范形式。

B.孔子对于“敬”的贡献,在于把它发展成为诸如敬重年老位尊者等为人行事的基本原则。

C.在家庭作用日趋式微、血缘关系愈加淡薄的现代社会中,“仁”的局限性越来越大。

D.深入认识“敬”的精神,有助于更准确地领会孔子思想中的“礼”和“仁”的内涵。

单项选择题