问题 阅读理解

           It's the week before school starts. Alice is shopping for clothes with two friends, Nina and Vicki. Alice puts on a black jacket, turns to her friends, and says, “Hey, what do you think?”  

          The girls look at her and both start laughing. “No way,  Alice!”

          Nina laughs. “That's a man's jacket.”

          Alice feels a little angry. “Yeah, well…I like it”:

       “Yeah,” says Vicki, “but what will people at school say?”

          Alice thinks for a moment. Then she takes off the jacket. “Yeah, you're right.”

          We all know about it. Your friends wear certain clothes or listen to certain music. You don't want to be different. So you do those things too.

          Fifteen minutes later. Alice is still thinking about the black jacket. “Yeah, there's peer pressure to follow others.” She explains. “If your clothes or hair are different, people make fun of you. You know, they laugh and point.”

         Vicki agrees. “It's true .You even have a certain kind of boyfriend or girlfriend! I think these 'rules' are childish (幼稚的). But when you're different, you feel like an outsider. And that's hard.”

        Alice walks away.

       “Hey Alice,” calls Nina. “Where are you going?”

       “To get the black jacket. I don't care what others think. I like it, and I'm buying it.” 

1. Why does Alice take off the jacket?  

A. It's too expensive.            

B. She doesn't take enough money with her.  

C. She doesn't like the color.      

D. She's worried about her friends' opinions. 

2. What is the meaning of peer pressure in this passage? 

A. You want to be like your friends. So you do what they do.  

B. You want to be different from your friends and classmates.  

C. You want to give your clothes to your friends to wear.  

D. You want to buy as many clothes as your classmates do.

3. What happens in the end?  

A. Alice goes to buy the jacket.    

B. Alice gets angry and goes home alone.  

C. Alice doesn't buy the jacket.    

D. Alice doesn't go shopping with her friends.

4. What is the main idea of this passage?  

A. Young people should follow others.  

B. Girls have different ideas about the jacket.  

C. Girls like wearing different kinds of clothes.  

D. Young people care much about what others think.

答案

1-4   DAAD

填空题

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  科学家注意到线粒体和叶绿体是两种特别的细胞器,与其他细胞器不同,它们有双层膜结构,其中外膜与真核细胞的膜系统相似,内膜却与原核细胞的膜系统相似,另外它们有自己的DNA和核糖体。下面是关于线粒体起源的一种理论--内共生学说。近几十年来,有研究表明,真核细胞的直接祖先很可能是一种“巨大”的且有吞噬能力的单细胞生物。它们靠吞噬糖类并将其分解来获得生存的能量。线粒体的祖先则是一种需氧细菌,它们能更好地利用糖类,能将其分解得更彻底以产生更多的能量。在生命演化过程中,真核细胞的祖先吞噬了这种细菌并与之建立了内共生关系:真核细胞的祖先能为细胞内的细菌提供较好的环境,并供给细菌未完全分解的糖类;细菌由于可以轻易得到这些物质,从而产生更多的能量,这些能量中的一部分可供宿主利用。在细胞内共生的细菌由于所处的环境与其独立生存时不同,因此很多原来的结构和功能都变得不必要而在进化过程中被“丢弃”,最后演变成一种专门进行呼吸作用的细胞器--线粒体。

(1)线粒体的祖先的同化作用类型是_________________。

(2)如何解释线粒体的外膜与真核细胞的膜系统相似、内膜却与原核细胞的膜系统相似?_____________。

(3)在线粒体内发生的主要生化反应的反应式是__________________。

(4)根据你所掌握的知识,指出线粒体可能是由独立生活的细菌演变而来的依据:_____________。

(5)如果线粒体确实起源于细菌,那么它的增殖方式很可能是__________________。

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