问题 问答题 案例分析题

(1)一次,一位教师讲"人类的起源",说了人类是从猿进化而来的,大体年代是什么时候,一个学生在下面说:"你看见了?"有些学生也随之发笑。这位老师说:"是的,我看见你昨天还是一个猴子,今天就变成学生了",全班哄堂大笑。

(2)某老师在讲"水滴石穿"的课时,为了教育某些平时轻视积累,不注意练基本功,只想一鸣惊人的学生,也为了反证积累的重要性,引用了一场父子之间的对话:

子:"爸爸,您看了我写的悲剧剧本竞掉下了眼泪,这下我要出名了。"

父:"我能不掉眼泪吗?剧本里1/2是错别字!"

学生轰然发笑。

请比较以上两例学生发笑的效果,并对两位老师的做法作简要评价。

答案

参考答案:

适当的教学幽默不但可以调节课堂气氛,而且会提高教学的形象感,加强学生的印象,有助于学生理解,但应注意有效教学。案例(1)中的老师面对学生不太善意的提问,的确很机智,但教师的行为不符合教学规范。首先,学生们对教师的回答不过一笑了之,没有增强印象,获得感性认识。其次,教师随口而出的话语也很可能挫伤学生的自尊心,打消学生的求知欲。案例(2)中的老师很显然经过了精心的教学预设。所举的例子不但有助于教学,而且使学生在笑过之后有所思考。做到了教育与教学的完美结合,让学生在轻松中学习,在愉快后反思,是一次成功的课堂教学。

判断题
问答题

You’ve had a problem, you’ve thought about it till you were tired, forgotten it and perhaps slept on it, and then flash! When you weren’t thinking about it suddenly the answer has come to you, as a gift from the gods.

Of course all ideas don’t come like that, but the interesting thing is that so many do, particularly the most important ones. They burst into the mind, glowing with the heat of creation. How they do is a mystery. (46) Psychology does not yet understand even the ordinary process of conscious thought, but the emergence of new ideas by a "leap in thought" is particularly intriguing, because they must have come from the somewhere. For the moment let us assume that they come from the "unconscious". (47)This is reasonable, for the psychologists use this term to describe mental processes which are unknown to the subject, and creative thought consists precisely in what was unknown becoming known.

(48) It seems that all truly creative activity depends in some degree on these signals from the unconscious, and the more highly intuitive the person, the sharper and more dramatic the signals become.

But growth requires a seed, and the heart of the creative process lies in the production of the original fertile nucleus from which growth can proceed. (49) This initial step in all creation consists in the establishment of a new unity from disparate elements, of order out of disorder, of shape from what was formless. The mind achieves this by the plastic reshaping, so derived from a new unit, of a selection of the separate elements derived from experience and stored in memory. Intuitions arise from richly unified experience.

(50) This process of the establishment of new form must occur in pattern of nervous activity in the brain, lying below the threshold of consciousness, which interacts and combines to form more comprehensive patterns. Experimental physiology has not yet identified this process, for its methods are as yet insufficiently refined, but it may be significant that a quarter of the total bodily consumption of energy during sleep goes to the brain, even when the sense organ are at rest, to maintain the activity of ten thousand million brain cells. These cells, acting together as a single organ, achieve the miracle of the production of new patterns of thought. No calculating machine can do that, for such machines can "only do what we know how to design them to do", and these formative brain processes obey laws which are still unknown.

Can any practical conclusions be drawn from the experience of genius Is there an art of thought for the ordinary person Certainly there is no single road to success; in the world of the imagination each has to find his own way to use his own gift.

(47)This is reasonable, for the psychologists use this term to describe mental processes which are unknown to the subject, and creative thought consists precisely in what was unknown becoming known.