问题 计算题

碘元素(符号为 I)具有预防和治疗甲状腺肿的作用,人体缺碘时易患粗脖子病。结合右图标签请回答下列问题:

(1)已知碘酸钾的化学式为KIO3,则

①碘酸钾中碘的化合价为_________;

②碘酸钾相对分子质量为___________;

③碘酸钾中碘元素的质量分数为______________ ;

④________克碘酸钾中含有 20 mg 碘?

(2)由食用方法和贮藏方法可推测碘酸钾的化学性质之一是______________________________________________________________。

(3)若 1000 g 碘盐中约含 20 mg 碘。

①这里标明的碘的含量是指:(     )

A.碘单质

B.碘元素

C.碘原子

D.碘分子②已知成人每天约需0.15g碘,假设这些碘主要是从碘盐中摄取的,则成人每天需要食用碘盐______________g。

答案

(1)+5    214    59.3%   33.7g        (2)受热易分解

(3)① B  ② 7.5g

分析:(1)根据碘酸钾的化学式为KIO3,利用化合价原则计算元素的化合价,利用相对原子质量来计算元素的质量分数及相对分子质量等;

(2)根据图标签中食用方法和贮藏方法可推测碘酸钾的化学性质;

(3)根据配料来分析物质,并根据1000g碘盐中约含20mg碘来计算成人每天需要食用碘盐.

解:(1)①由碘酸钾的化学式为KIO3,钾元素的化合价为+1价,氧元素的化合价为-2价,

由化合物中正负化合价的代数和为0,

则碘元素的化合价为0-(+1)-(-2)×3=+5,故答案为:+5;

②由碘酸钾的化学式为KIO3,则相对分子质量为39+127+16×3=214,故答案为:214;

③由碘酸钾的化学式为KIO3,则碘元素的质量分数为×100%=59.3%,故答案为:59.3%;

④因碘酸钾中碘元素的质量分数为59.3%,碘元素的质量为20mg,

则碘酸钾的质量为=33.7mg=0.0337g,故答案为:0.0337;

(2)由食用方法和贮藏方法可知,待食物烹煮好后再放入碘盐,则碘酸钾受热易分解,故答案为:受热易分解;

(3)①由配料表可知氯化钠中有碘酸钾,则碘的含量是指碘酸钾中碘元素的含量,故选B;

②由1000g碘盐中约含20mg碘,成人每天约需0.15mg碘,设需要碘盐的质量为x,

,解得x=7.5g,故答案为:7.5.

点评:本题以生活中缺碘时易患粗脖子病来补充食盐考查学生有关化学式的计算,明确利用化学式计算的方法及利息信息来分析解决问题是解答的关键.

阅读理解

One day, many years ago, when I was working as a psychologist(心理学家)in England, I brought David into my office. His face was pale and he looked at his own feet.

David lost his father when he was two years old and lived with his mother and grandfather ever since. But when he was 13 ,his grandfather died and his mother was killed in a car accident. His teacher told me that he refused to talk to others form then on.

David didn’t say a word. As he was leaving, I put my hand on his shoulder.“Come back next week if you like.” I said.

He came and I suggested(建议)we play a game of chess. He agreed. After that we played chess every Wednesday afternoon—in complete silence. Usually, he arrived earlier than we agreed. It seemed that he liked to be with me.

Months later, when I was looking at his head, he suddenly looked up at me. “It’s your turn.” He said. After that day, David started started talking. He finally got friends in school and he even joined a bicycle club. Now he started his new life.

Maybe I gave David something. But I learned more from him. I learned that time makes it possible to get over what seems to be painful. David showed me how to help people like him.

小题1: When David came into the writer’s office,     .

A.he said hello to the writer

B.he seemed happy

C.he looked at his own feet

D.he smiled at the writer小题2: David’s father died when he was   year old.

A.13

B.2

C.5

D.6小题3: To help David, the writer   every Wednesday afternoon.

A.played chess with him

B.told stories to him

C.wrote letters to him

D.played soccer with him小题4: What club did David join?

A.chess club.

B.An art club.

C.An English club.

D.A bicycle club.小题5: Which of the following statements is NOT true?

A.After his father died, David refused to talk to others.

B.David didn’t say anything to the writer at first.

C.At last the writer learned a lot from David.

D.David finally got friends in school.

单项选择题 A1/A2型题