问题 简答题

(12分)“天体至圆,万物做到极精妙者,无有不圆。”

◎梁恩成(建筑史学家)讲中国建筑史时,曾提到一个猜测:赵州桥在河底里可能还有另一半拱形建筑,与水上的拱形合成一个“鸡蛋”,因而这个椭圆结构特别坚固。可以说,赵州桥不仅是古代建筑科技的创举,也是造型艺术的杰作。

◎吴冠中(画家)评王维的诗是诗中有画。他说:“大漠孤烟直”,表现大漠空无所有,只需一线横跨画面;无风,孤烟上升,形成一道纵直线。“长河落日圆”,长河是一道弯弯的长曲线,落日是一个圆圈。王维这两句诗书写大漠的苍茫、浩瀚和华丽,显示了形式美中直与曲对照的魅力。

◎张志俊(陈氏太极拳传人)讲解:太极拳里有种“缠丝劲”,是弧中求直的攻击技术。这就像炮管或枪管中的“来福线”,能使弹头出膛后螺旋飞行,增加其稳定性、准确性和杀伤力。太极拳非圆即弧,弧中求直,这是达到一定境界后的美妙感觉。

选且仅选一段材料,分析其中体现了哪些辩证法原理。(要求:①首先表明选择哪段材料;②理论运用得当,逻辑清晰,论述合理。)

答案

事例:选择赵州桥。(1分)

①普遍联系(2分)赵州桥的建造创举与造型设计,反映了科技与艺术的比翼连理。(2分)

②对立统一(2分)在对赵州桥水面上下两拱合璧的想象中,两拱既是反向、对立着的矛盾双方,又是上下合成椭圆结构、相互依存的整体,这使人感觉石桥受力分散均匀,造型具有美感。(3分)

【水平分:表述完整,条理清晰,逻辑性强;(2分)表述完整,有条理。(1分)】

提示:选择王维的诗。联系;对立统一。(10分)选择太极拳。规律统一性;对立统一。(10分)

(其他合理答案可酌情给分)

题目分析:本题以中华传统艺术的圆美理想为北京材料,既考查学生的相关哲学知识,也考查学生的阅读理解归纳方面的能力。解答本题学生必须首先确定要选取的一段文字,通过对该段文字的理解,找出其中的关键词语,来确定答题所用的具体知识点。对于描述赵州桥的这段文字,学生要注意其中的“赵州桥不仅是古代建筑科技的创举,也是造型艺术的杰作”,表明事物是普遍联系的;“赵州桥在河底里可能还有另一半拱形建筑,与水上的拱形合成一个‘鸡蛋’,因而这个椭圆结构特别坚固”,体现了对立统一的观点。对于描述王维的诗的这段描述,学生要注意其中的“王维这两句诗书写大漠的苍茫、浩瀚和华丽,显示了形式美中直与曲对照的魅力”,表明事物是普遍联系的;“诗中有画”,体现了对立统一的观点。对于描述太极拳的这段话,学生要注意其中的“太极拳的弧中求直攻击技术像炮管或枪管中的‘来福线’,能使弹头出膛后螺旋飞行,增加其稳定性、准确性和杀伤力”,体现了事物规律统一性的问题;“弧中求直”则体现了对立统一的观点。

单项选择题

In the early days of the internet, the idea that it represented an entirely new and separate realm, distinct from the real world, was seized upon by both advocates and critics of the new technology. Advocates liked the idea that the virtual world was a placeless datasphere, liberated from constraints and restrictions of the real world, and an opportunity for a fresh start. For instance, John Perry Barlow, an internet activist, issued the "Declaration of the Independence of Cyberspace" in February 1996. He thundered, "Governments of the industrial world, I come from cyberspace, the new home of mind. Cyberspace does not lie within your borders. We are creating a world that all may enter without privilege or prejudice accorded by race, economic power, military force, or station of birth."

Where Mr. Barlow and other cyber-Utopians found the separation between the real and virtual worlds exciting, however, critics regarded it as a cause for concern. They worried that people were spending too much time online, communicating with people they had never even met in person in chat rooms, virtual game worlds and, more recently, on social-networking sites such as MySpace and Facebook. A study carried out by the Stanford Institute for the Quantitative Study of Society in 2000, for example, found that heavy internet users spent less time talking to friends and family, and warned that the internet could be "the ultimate isolating technology".

Both groups were wrong, of course. The internet has not turned out to be a thing apart. Unpleasant aspects of the real world, such as taxes, censorship, crime and fraud are now features of the virtual world, too. Garners who make real money selling swords, gold and other items in virtual game worlds may now find that the tax man wants to know about it. Designers of virtual objects in Second Life, an online virtual world, are resorting to real-world lawsuits in order to protect their intellectual property.

At the same time, however, some of the most exciting uses of the internet rely on coupling it with the real world. Social networking allows people to stay in touch with their friends online, and plan social activities in the real world. The distinction between online and offline chatter ceases to matter. Or consider Google Earth, which puts satellite images of the whole world on your desktop and allows users to link online data with specific physical locations.

All these approaches treat the internet as an extension or an attachment to the physical world, not a separate space. Rather than seeing the real and virtual realms as distinct and conflicting, in short, it makes sense to see them as complementary and connected. The resulting fusion is not what the Utopians or the critics foresaw, but it suits the rest of us just fine.

Why is John Perry Barlow mentioned in Paragraph 1()

A. To criticize governments of industrial countries

B. To show the influence of the internet

C. To advocate the equality for all

D. To illustrate the advocates’ favor to cyberspace

单项选择题