问题 计算题

如图所示,用电动势E="6" V,内阻不计的蓄电池组,通过滑线变阻器组成分压电路,向电阻R0="20" Ω,额定电压U0="4.5" V的灯泡供电使它正常发光,试问当电池组对灯泡的供电效率η=60%时,变阻器R的阻值和能承受的最大电流应满足什么要求?

答案

87.18Ω   0.28A

题目分析:由电源的工作效率和灯泡的额定功率得到干路中的电流,即为变阻器R能承受的最大电流值,再由串并联电路的特点计算变阻器R的阻值。

灯泡的额定功率为

设变阻器的总阻值为R,滑动触头上端电阻值为,滑动触头下端电阻值为,最大电流为,通过电源的电流为I,当电池组对灯泡的供电效率η=60%时有:

即变阻器R能承受的最大电流值

由并联电路的特点有,

由产联电路特点有:

则变阻器的总阻值为:

即供电效率η=60%时,变阻器R的阻值为87.18Ω;变阻器R能承受的最大电流值为

点评:必须依据串联电路的特点、性质和欧姆定律求解,与滑动变阻器有关的电路,常常把滑动变阻器看做两个电阻,滑片一侧是一个电阻,滑片另一侧是另一个电阻,再与其他电阻相连,这样再分析就容易很多。

阅读理解

阅读理解

     I stole your dog. No, I didn't set foot in your house, but from the condition of your dog, I can imagine what it looks like-the word "rubbish" comes to mind.

     I found her along a road, with a heavy chain wrapped around her neck, still attached to rotten boards

from her doghouse. Not only did I know that most of the town's people had already ignored her, judging

by the place where I found her, but I knew that if she had gotten into the woods, the "cross" that she

dragged behind her would have wrapped itself around a tree until starvation or thirst killed her.

     She has a beautiful name now. Already in the first week she has come to look more like what she

should. Her eyes sparkle and she has learned to wag her tail in greeting. She has stopped flinching (畏缩) when I make a sudden movement, because she knows now that I won't beat her. In fact, she rarely leaves my side. She's even become brave enough to bark at a cat and today as I looked out of the window she

attempted to play with other dogs. No, it's clear that she does not miss you or her former life on a chain.

     It's not clear yet whether she'll remain here or whether I'll find her a loving home where she can count

on more individual attention than I can give her, but one thing is certain, this is a bit of stolen "property"

which is never returning to you. So sue me, accuse me, and plead with the court that she is rightfully

yours... I'm convinced that this is the best "crime" I've ever committed. Hardly anything has pleased me

more than the day when I stole your dog. I need only look into her beautiful brown eyes to know that she'd defend my decision with her life. If we have one prayer, it is that you will not replace her, and if we have

one special day to celebrate together, it is the day I stole your dog and the day she stole my heart.

1. What's the author's attitude towards the former owner of the dog?

A. Puzzled.  

B. Angry.

C. Shocked.  

D. Satisfied

2. It can be inferred from the passage that ________.

A. the dog is not lovely

B. the dog tried to find a kind master

C. the dog was treated badly by its former master

D. the author will be charged with stealing the dog

3. What did the author think of his theft?

A. He was afraid of being punished.

B. He thought he had to do it.

C. He believed that the law would allow him to do so.

D. He did it with pride

问答题 简答题