问题 填空题

物流管理的预测从方法论上可以分为()、自底向上方法。

答案

参考答案:自顶向下方法

阅读理解

Below are pages adapted from, http://sochi2014. com/en/

Sochi Volunteers

● 5 December 2013   Sochi 2014 Volunteer Team is Prepared for Games

On international Volunteer Day, 5 December, the Organizing Committee of the Winter Games in Sochi presented the national “Sochi 2014 Volunteer Team”, The Sochi 2014 Volunteer Team is complete, consisting of 25,000 volunteers from 26 volunteer centers across Russia as well as global volunteers.

● 6 August 2013   Sochi 2014 Sochi 2014 volunteer s meet athletics stars in Moscow

Approximately 2,000 Sochi 2014 volunteers will take part in the staging of the World Athletics Championships, which will be held in Moscow from 10-18 August.

● 30 May 2013   “Sochi 2014”volunteers on the presentation of the Olympic and Paralympic medals

In St. Petersburg during the 11th “Sport Accord”, Annual International Sports Convention was held on the presentation of the Olympic and Paralympic medals.

● 11 March 2013   Sochi 2014 Volunteer Training Program Launched across Russia

On March 11, the Sochi 2014 Organizing Committee launched a large-scale project for training 25,000 volunteers for the 2014Games in Sochi.

Sochi Culture Activities

● International Ballet Stars Gala, 29 January 2014

Year of Russian Culture in the United Kingdom and Year of British Culture.

● Sochi 2014 Culture Olympiad to Present History of Sports in Russia, 20 December 2013

As part of the Year of the of the Museum of the Sochi 2014 Cultural Olympiad the “ Training the Strength of the Body, Sports and the Romanov Family ” exhibition will be open starting from 21 December at the Sochi Art Museum.

● Sochi 2014 Cultural Program Culminates in Grand Finale, 16 December 2013

The Sochi 2014 Organizing Committee has presented an entertaining Cultural Program for the guests and participants of the Olympic Games.

● Sochi 2014 Games Fans’ Anthem will Unite Spectators in the Stands, 31 October 2013

100 days before the start of the first ever Olympic Winter Games in Russia, the Sochi 2014 Cultural Olympiad and General Partner of the Games Sberbank have unveiled the fans’ anthem for the Games. The anthem will be played at all Olympic venues and will be the main song at the sports fields for the competitions.

● “White Stick” Music Festival to Take Place during the Start of Sochi 2014 Torch Relay, 7 October 2013

On 7 October, during the launch of the Olympic Torch Relay, the “White Stick” IV International charity festival will take place against the backdrop of the Sochi 2014 Cultural Olympiad in Moscow.

● Winners of Cultural Program Competition to Perform at Sochi Games, 19 September 2013

The Sochi 2014 Organizing Committee’s cultural program Contest has come to an end and the winners have been announced. It took place within the framework of the Sochi 2014 Cultural Olympiad.

● Sochi 2014 Cultural Olympiad to Showcase Russia’s cultural diversity, 22 August 2013

From August, 25 to September 8, the “Alluring Worlds, Ethnic Russia” travelling festival will travel along the coast of the Black Sea. The festival is part of the Sochi 2014 Cultural Olympiad’s Year of the Museums and will illustrate Russia’s diversity.

小题1:Sochi 2014 Volunteer Training Program was launched on       

A.30 May 2013

B.11 March 2013

C.16 December 2013

D.19 September 2013小题2:“White Stick" Music Festival took place in      .

A.Sochi

B.St. Petersburg

C.the United Kingdom

D.Moscow小题3:Which of the following statements is true?

A.The 25 ,000 volunteers were from Russia.

B.Winners of Cultural Program Competition weren't known until 19 September 2013.

C.From August,25 to September,8,you were able to enjoy Winter Games in Sochi.

D.Few of the cultural activities were intended for creating atmosphere of Sochi Winter Games.小题4:From the two boxes, you can learn that the activities were listed according to      .

A.importance

B.place

C.date

D.name

综合题

阅读下列材料(12分):

材料一  1880年刘铭传奏请修建铁路,刘锡鸿等众多官员纷纷反对,理由是修建铁路“不可行者八,无利者八,有害者九”。如每造铁路“山川之神不安,即旱潦之灾易召”;火车飞行,“路稍不平,则或激轮而全车皆碎”;仿西洋造火车,借英、法等国金钱,无由归还,“诸强邻遂相凌逼,几至亡国。”清政府认为“铁路断不宜开”的观点不无道理,遂搁置修路倡议。

材料二  19世纪末,列强竞相在中国投资修建铁路,如中东铁路、胶济铁路、广九铁路等。同时,列强激烈争夺庐汉、粤汉、津镇等铁路的修筑权。

材料三 一些闭塞地区的经济因铁路而活跃,一些古老的城镇因铁路而面目一新……铁路在畅通经济、带动繁荣的同时还意味着信息的流通、知识的传播,意味着建立“铁路交通日常急需的各种生产过程”,所有这一切,无疑都有助于打破中国传统社会“自给自足的惰性”,推动现代化进程。

材料四 新中国成立后,人民政府对旧铁路进行改造,重新修建了许多新铁路,形成了全新的铁路网运格局。如社会主义建设时期新建的宝成、鹰厦、兰新铁路、咸昆铁路、湘黔铁路;改革开放以来修筑的大秦铁路、青藏铁路等。

请回答:

(1)根据材料一和材料二,归纳影响近代中国铁路业缓慢发展的原因。(4分)

(2)结合材料三,谈谈新式交通的出现对中国社会生活的影响。(4分)

(3)根据上述材料,比较新旧中国铁路发展史上的变化,并谈谈从中你得到了什么启示?(4分)