问题 问答题

某乡办煤矿。设计年产量3万吨,实际年产量6万吨。立井开拓,中央边界式通风。该矿矿长和特种作业人员无证上岗,三违现象严重。没有班前会和交接班制度,井下作业任务和人员安排没有统一布臵和记录。该矿井下物料及灭火器材存放混乱;一贯使用煤面和煤块封堵炮孑L;用电缆明接头放炮的现象时有发生。该矿煤尘具有爆炸性。井下没有防尘洒水设施,也没有按照《乡镇煤矿安全规程》采取防尘措施,造成井下煤尘积存。×年×月×日,早8时30分停电后,使用柴油发电机向井下送电。由于电力不足,北翼工作面及南翼工作面轮流生产。下午l4时,班共下井72人。南翼工作面工人下井后,打眼放第一炮后出煤。l5时30分左右开水泵,停南翼电,当时主扇风机和局扇都没有开启。17时30分全矿来电,主扇和局扇仍没有开启。瓦斯检测员空班漏检。北翼工作面打眼后放第二炮时,工作面口2m处挂在背板上折11个电雷管拖地引脚线被拖动的电缆明接头引爆,引起瓦斯煤尘爆炸事故。共死亡26人,伤10人,直接经济损失38万元(时值)。 (1)试根据上述资料分析这起事故的直接原因和间接原因。

答案

参考答案:

(1)事故原因

直接原因

①由于主扇和局扇风机均未开启,瓦斯检测员空班漏检,造成瓦斯局部积聚;

②该矿煤尘具有爆炸性,又未采取防尘措施,造成井下煤尘积存;

③井下管理混乱,以致在电雷管存放不当的情况下,电缆明接头碰到电雷管引脚线,引起雷管爆炸(即点火源),导致此次事故发生。

间接原因

①该矿矿长无证上岗,应属非法煤矿;在不具备安全生产条件下(如煤尘具有爆炸性但没有

采取防尘措施等)还在生产;当地安全生产监督管理部门有责任;

②该矿安全管理不足,表现在许多方面,如

A.安全管理制度没有或不健全,如没有班前会和交接班制度等;

B.三违现象严重,如时常违章放炮没有得到纠正等;

C.井下物料放臵混乱,瓦斯检测员空班漏检;

D.该矿从矿主到工人的安全素质均不高,反映出安全教育培训不足等。

填空题
阅读理解

阅读理解。

     When I was a little girl, my mom would say, "Half the fun of doing anything is sharing it with others."

   1   Friends and mates allow us to enjoy our successes and our joys, comfort us in our hard moments,

and provide a mirror for us to learn more about ourselves. I've always looked at friends as the family we

choose. They enrich our lives. As Robert Louis Steven once said, "  2  "

     To be a good friend or partner, it's important to be a good listener. Hear what your friend or mate has

to say first rather than jump to conclusions or get defensive.   3   When they hear their words repeated

back to them, it can help them to realize what they said was not exactly what they meant to say. 

       4    You know the old golden rule,"Care for others the way you would like them to care for you." The

support of a friend during a tough time could make the difference between success and failure.

Encouragement and confidence are the gifts that can help change a person's life.

     Take care, though, with whom you choose to have close relationship, for they can have a great effect

on yourself-respect and life path. As someone once told me,"   5   They will either take you up or down."

A. I am afraid so.

B. It is quite true.

C. Friendship is the most important factor.

D. Sometimes it is useful to be their mirror.

E. A friend is a present which you give yourself.

F. The attitudes of your friends are like the buttons on a lift.

G. Patience, sympathy and understanding are also important qualities.