问题 填空题

(13分)以苯为主要原料可以通过下列途径制取冬青油和阿斯匹林:

请按要求回答:

(1)填出流程中方框A物质的结构简式:___________________;

(2)写出变化中①和⑥的方程式(注明反应条件);     

(3)变化过程中的②属于_______反应,⑦属于_________反应;

(4)物质的量相等的冬青油和阿斯匹林完全燃烧时消耗O2的量,冬青油比阿斯匹林_____________,其中冬青油燃烧的化学方程式是_________________;

(5)这样制得的冬青油层中往往含有原料B,致使产品不纯。从冬青油中提取冬青油选用的试剂是___________。其反应的化学方程式是_________________。

答案

(1) (1分)

(2)

(4分)

(3)②水解(或取代)反应(1分),⑦酯化(或取代)反应     ( 1分)

(4)少,        (3分)

(5)NaHCO3溶液(3分)

根据转化关系式可判断,苯在催化剂的作用下和液溴发生取代反应生成溴苯。溴苯通过反应②溴原子被羟基取代生成苯酚。苯酚和氢氧化钠反应生成苯酚钠。苯酚钠通过反应④生成邻羟基苯甲酸钠。邻羟基苯甲酸钠通过酸化生成邻羟基苯甲酸。邻羟基苯甲酸和甲醇通过酯化反应生成冬青油。邻羟基苯甲酸和乙酸酐通过反应⑦发生取代反应生成阿司匹林。冬青油和阿斯匹林的分子式分别为C8H8O3、C9H8O3,所以1mol阿司匹林燃烧消耗的氧气多。B中含有羧基和酚羟基,冬青油中含有酚羟基和酯基,所以要提纯冬青油,可以通过饱和碳酸氢钠溶液,因为碳酸氢钠和冬青油不反应,但和B是反应的。

选择题
单项选择题

Questions 71-80 are based on the following passage.
A federal judge on Monday certified a $ 200 billion class action lawsuit against the tobacco industry for its marketing of light cigarettes.
Eastern District of New York Judge Jack B. Weinstein’s 540-page opinion in Schwab v. Philip Morris USA, Inc. , 04-CIV-1945—which included an additional 965 pages of appendices for a total of 1,505 pages-gave tens of millions of smokers an avenue to recover damages from the nation’s largest tobacco companies, including Philip Morris USA Inc. , R. J. Reynolds Tobacco Co. , Lorillard Tobacco Co. , and Liggett Group, Inc.
The class will include anyone who purchased light cigarettes from the time tobacco companies began selling them in the 1970s. The judge said he even would consider broadening the class, to encompass smokers of all "low tar" brands, not just light cigarettes. The judge suggested that an expansion of the class could assist the parties in negotiating a global settlement. He set a trial date for January 22, 2007. The plaintiffs intend to seek treble damages.
Weinstein has expressed skepticism about the plaintiffs’ theory of damages, which alleges that light smokers were defrauded of billions because they believed they were buying a product of greater value because of its health advantages. The judge also questioned the size of the class, as well as the claim that as many as 90 percent of light cigarette smokers chose the cigarettes because they were less harmful.
In his ruling Monday, the judge stressed that while the suit was far from perfect, the evidence was sufficient. He said the jury system—which he described as the "ultimate focus group of the law"—was well equipped to sort out the particulars in accordance with Amendment VII of the U. S. Constitution.
Weinstein declined to grant an interlocutory appeal to the 2nd U. S. Circuit Court of Appeals. Theodore M. Grossman of Jones Day in Cleveland, which represents R J. Reynolds, said the defendants would seek a stay and appeal the class certification under Rule 23 (f) of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure.

The phrase "product of greater value" underlined in Paragraph 4 refers to ______.

A.lawsuit plaintiffs

B.theoretical damages

C.light cigarettes

D.health advantages