问题 材料分析题

材料一:民富是中国传统文化中重要的治国思想,如管子说:“仓廪实则知礼节,衣食足则知荣辱”是富国与富民兼重。韩非子提出“足民何可以为治”。自魏晋隋唐至明清,中国封建地主制经济由鼎盛而衰败,阶级关系也有新的变化,富民的阶级内容,更突出了中小地主及富裕工商业者与大地主阶级的矛盾,因此,富民思想也更具体反映了这一矛盾及不同富民阶层的要求。

材料二:2011年3月两会提出要“顺应各族人民过上更好生活新期待”,这不仅仅是新的口号和理念,更是中国“十二五”规划的切实目标、扎实举措。在“十二五”期间,中国将迈出从“总体小康”到“全面小康”的关键而坚实步伐。从“国富”到“民富”的转变,意味着国家将完善收入分配格局、更多惠及民生提升到更重要的战略高度。这既体现了大多数国民的强烈心愿,也表明中国领导层已经将人民“过上更好生活”的期待变为国家决策和国家行为。

(1)有人认为,中国古代社会提出的“民富”与本次建议中的“民富”都是与当时的社会条件相适应的,其政治运用的目的根本上是一致的。”请你运用文化与经济、政治关系的知识,指出这一观点的偏颇所在。

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(2)请运用对立统一的观点,谈谈你对国富和民富的关系的理解。

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答案

(1)①经济、政治决定文化,文化是经济、政治的反映。古代民富思想和中 * * 党提出的“民富”都是一定社会经济、政治制度的产物。传统的民富思想是剥削制度的产物,中 * * 党“民富”建立在社会主义经济、政治制度的基础上。②文化反作用于政治、经济,给予政治、经济以重大影响。传统的民富思想有利于缓和当时社会的阶级矛盾,根本上是为了巩固剥削阶级的统治。中 * * 党“民富”的提出表明中共执政理念的随着实践的发展而不断进步,必将促进了我国政治、经济的发展,根本上是为人民服务。

(2)①世界上一切事物都包含着既相互对立,又相互统一的两个方面。矛盾对立双方在一定条件下会相互转化。“国富”和“民富”就是对立统一的关系。②我国经过几十年高速发展,人民生活水平有了很大的提高。“国富”为实现“民富”提供了坚实的物质基础。民富是国富的具体体现,可以促进国富。但是如果过于强调“国富”,国家收入积累过多过快,就会影响到居民收入增速和比重,进而影响人民生产的积极性和创造性,最终影响国家的生产以及财富的积累。③因此要用对立统一的观点来处理“国富”与“民富”关系。保持国家财富积累同时人民生活富裕。

解答题
阅读理解

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“The first and best of victories is for a man to conquer himself; to be conquered by himself is, of all things, the most shameful,” says Plato. Self-control is at the root of all the advantages. Let a man give in to his impulses (冲动) and feelings, and from that moment he gives up his moral (道德上的) freedom.

A single angry word has lost many a friend. When Socrates found in himself any temper or anger, he would check it by speaking low in order to control himself. If you are conscious of being angry, keep your mouth shut so that you can hold back rising anger. Many a person has dropped dead in great anger. Fits of anger bring fits of disease. “Whom the gods would destroy they first make mad.” “Keep cool”, says George Herbert, “for fierceness (狂怒) makes error a fault.”

To be angry with a weak man is to prove that you are not strong yourself. “Anger,” says Pythagoras, “brings with folly(愚蠢) and ends with regret.” You must measure the strength of a man by the power of the feelings he conquers, not by the power of those which conquer him.

Self-control is man’s last greatest victory.

If a man lacks self-control he seems to lack everything. Without it he can have no patience, no power to govern himself; he can have no self-confidence, for he will always be controlled by his strongest feeling. If he lacks self-control, the very backbone and nerve of character are lacking also.

64. What does the reader learn from the first paragraph?

A. The greatest victory for a man is to conquer everything except himself.

B. One’s moral freedom is based on the control of himself.

C. To control oneself is the most difficult in one’s life.

D. If a person is too stubborn, he will feel most shameful.

65. What is the correct interpretation of “Whom the gods would destroy they first make mad” ?

A. If the gods want to kill you, they make you crazy first.

B. If you always lose your temper, you will soon be finished.

C. If you cannot control yourself, you will become crazy.

D. If you are mad, you will be punished by the gods.

66. If a man lacks self-control, he lacks all of the following EXCEPT _______.

A. the very backbone and nerve of character 

B. the patience and power to control himself

C. strong feelings

D. self-confidence