问题 单项选择题 A1/A2型题

某女士,已婚,月经规律,月经周期第28天取子宫内膜检查所见:腺体缩小,内膜水肿消失,螺旋小动脉痉挛性收缩,有坏死、破裂,内膜下血肿。该内膜为()。

A.月经期

B.增生期

C.分泌早期

D.分泌期

E.月经前期

答案

参考答案:E

解析:月经前期为黄体退化阶段,在黄体退化时,会出现雌、孕激素水平逐渐下降,二激素的减退会使内膜间质水肿消退变致密,致血管受压而使血流淤滞,最后会出现局部血管的痉挛性收缩,内膜缺血、坏死,以及血管破裂出血等。该患者的表现提示其处于还踢退化阶段,即该内膜为月经前期。故本题选E。避错:本题部分考生易选A,认为这是月经期子宫内膜表现,这是不对的,月经期坏死的子宫内膜脱落、出血,表现为月经来潮。月经前期由于黄体退化,会出现雌、孕激素水平逐渐下降,二激素的减退会使内膜间质水肿消退变致密,致血管受压而使血流淤滞,最后会出现局部血管的痉挛性收缩,内膜缺血、坏死,以及血管破裂出血等。增生期子宫内膜增生变厚,腺体增多、增长变弯曲,血管增生、延长,呈螺旋形。分泌期子宫内膜进一步增厚,并有高度分泌活动,腺体增大弯曲,分泌大量黏液,间质水肿、疏松。血管继续增长,卷曲更加明显。因此,本题选E。

单项选择题 A2型题
填空题

Some consumer researchers distinguish (1) "rational" motives and "emotional" (or "non-rational") motives. They use the term "rationality" (2) the traditional economic sense that assumes (3) consumers behave rationally when they carefully consider all alternatives (4) choose those that give them the greatest utility (i.e., satisfaction). (5) a marketing context, the term "rationality" implies that the consumer selects goods based (6) totally objective criteria, such (7) size, weight, price, and so on. "Emotional" motives imply the selection of goods (8) to personal or subjective criteria—the desire (9) individuality, pride, fear, affection or status.
The assumption underlying this distinction is (10) subjective or emotional criteria do not maximize utility or satisfaction. (11) , it is reasonable to assume that consumers always attempt to select alternatives that, (12) their view, serve to maximize satisfaction. Obviously, the assessment of satisfaction is a very personal process, based (13) the individual’s own needs as (14) as on past behavioral, social, and learning experiences. What may appear (15) irrational to an outside observer may be perfectly rational (16) the context of the consumer’s own psychological field. For example, a product purchased to enhance one’s self-image (such as a fragrance) is a perfectly rational form of consumer behavior. (17) behavior did not appear rational to the person who undertakes it (18) the time that it is undertaken, obviously he or she would not do it. (19) the distinction between rational and emotional motives does not appear to be warranted.
Some researchers go so far (20) to suggest that emphasis (21) "needs" obscures the rational, or conscious, nature of most consumer motivation. They claim that consumers act consciously (22) maximize their gains and minimize their losses; that they act not (23) subconscious drives but from rational preferences, (24) what they perceive to be (25) their own best interests.