问题 单项选择题

男性,55岁,进行性吞咽困难三个月,体重下降5kg,查体无阳性所见。

食管吞钡X线片描述下列哪项是错误的

A.食管呈鸟嘴样改变

B.食管充盈缺损

C.食管管壁僵硬

D.龛影

答案

参考答案:A

解析: 食管癌的典型症状为进行性吞咽困难。先是难咽干的食物,继而半流食,最后唾液也不能咽下。吞咽困难可伴呕吐,呕吐物为下咽的唾液和食管的分泌物。肿瘤侵犯喉返神经后患者声音嘶哑;侵犯破入气管支气管后出现食管气管瘘,发生呛咳和吸入性肺炎;破入主动脉后出现食管主动脉瘘、大呕血;长期消耗出现恶病质;肝脏及远端淋巴结转移,为晚期主要远处转移部位。纤维食管镜检查是目前普遍采用的诊断方法。对有症状和X线吞钡造影可疑者均应作此项检查。纤维食管镜也存在漏诊。结合染色检查法有助提高诊断率。方法是用2%甲苯胺蓝或3%Lugol碘溶液喷涂于食管黏膜上,前者可将肿瘤组织染成蓝色,而正常黏膜不染色;后者将正常食管黏膜染成棕黑色,而肿瘤组织不着色。食管癌在食管吞钡X线检查中,早期可见:食管黏膜皱襞紊乱、粗糙或有中断现象,小的充盈缺损,局限性管壁僵硬,龛影;中、晚期有明显的不规则狭窄和充盈缺损,管壁僵硬。

单项选择题

So it is today. Schedule disaster, functional misfits, and system bugs all arise because the left hand doesn’t know what the right hand is doing. As work (), the several teams slowly change the functions, sizes, and speeds of their own programs, and they explicitly or implicitly () their assumptions about the inputs available and the uses to be made of the outputs. For example, the implementer of a program-overlaying function may run into problems and reduce speed relying on statistics that show how () this function will arise in application programs. Meanwhile, back at the ranch, his neighbor may be designing a major part of the supervisor so that it critically depends upon the speed of this function. This change in speed itself becomes a major specification change, and it needs to be proclaimed abroad and weighed from a system point of view. How, then, shall teams () with one another In as many ways as possible. Informally. Good telephone service and a clear definition of intergroup dependencies will encourage the hundreds of calls upon which common interpretation of written documents depends. Meetings. Regular project meetings, with one team after another giving technical riefings, are(). Hundreds of minor misunderstandings get smoked out this way. Workbook. A formal project workbook must be started at the beginning.

For example, the implementer of a program-overlaying function may run into problems and reduce speed relying on statistics that show how () this function will arise in application programs

A.frequently

B.usually

C.commonly

D.rarely

单项选择题