问题 问答题

石油化工专家闵恩泽院士获2007年度国家最高科学技术奖,他是石油化工技术自主创新的先行者和绿色化学的开拓者,他研制的多种石油炼制催化剂极大地降低了我国石油化工产品的成本.

(1)使用催化剂进行石油裂化及裂解获得的主要产品是______.

(2)“绿色化学工艺”的理想状态是反应物中原子利用率为100%.工业上,通过绿色化学工艺用CO、CH3OH和一种不饱和脂肪链烃合成CH2=C(CH3)COOCH3,该不饱和脂肪链烃的分子式为______.

(3)如图表示某石油炼制反应进行过程中能量(单位为kJ•mol-1)的变化示意图.试在答题纸对应的图象中用虚线表示在反应中使用催化剂后能量的变化情况.

(4)科研人员在实验室中按下列流程在催化反应器中装载不同的催化剂,探究不同催化剂对石油裂解反应的催化性能.

①该探究实验的条件控制非常重要,检测装置中选择的检测试剂及必须注意的问题是______.

②从安全的角度考虑,本实验尾气处理的方法是______.

答案

(1)石油裂化及裂解获得的主要产品是轻质油和气态烯烃,故答案为:轻质油和气态烯烃(或碳原子数较少的烃);

(2)(2)CH2=C(CH3)COOCH3减去CO、CH3OH后还差C3H4,故该不饱和脂肪烃为丙炔,故答案为:丙炔;

(3)催化剂后能降低反应的活化能,进而加快反应速率,故答案为:

(4)①检测试剂的选择当从产物的性质出,因催化裂化后有不饱和烃产生,可用酸性KMnO4溶液或者溴水检验,注意的问题其实已经在前面有提示:需要控制该实验的条件,即控制单一变量,所用检测试剂的浓度、体积等都需完全相同,故答案为:试剂为溴水或高锰酸钾溶液,其浓度、体积在每次实验中均相等;

②烃过量一般利用燃烧处理,故答案为:将剩余气态有机物点燃.

阅读理解

阅读理解。

     Everyone must go to bed early and get up early, or we won't be healthy and clever.

     Is this true? Perhaps it is. The body must have enough sleep. Children of your age need ten hours'

sleep every day. If you don't go to bed early, you won't have enough sleep. Then you can't think properly

and can't do your work properly. You'll not be clever.

     Some people go to bed late and get up late. This is not good for them. We must sleep at night when it

is dark. The dark helps us to sleep soundly. When the daytime comes, we must get up. This is the time for

exercise. If you lack exercise, the body becomes weak.

     Exercise keeps a strong body. Exercise helps the blood (血液) flow (流动) around inside the body. This

is very important. Blood takes food to all parts of our body. The brain also needs blood. We think with our

blood. If we keep our body healthy and take exercise, we can think better.

1. If we want to be healthy and clever, we must go to bed _____.

A. late and get up early

B. early and get up late

C. early and get up early

D. late and get up late

2. Children of your age need _____.

A. ten hours' sleep

B. nine hours' sleep

C. twelve hours' sleep

D. eleven hours' sleep

3. The best time to sleep is when _____.

A. daytime comes

B. it is dark

C. we are taking exercise

D. it is late afternoon

4. Exercise makes the body _____.

A. weak

B. clever

C. active

D. strong

5. Exercise _____.

A. makes more blood

B. helps the blood to flow

C. makes food for our blood

D. makes our brain tired

单项选择题 B型题