问题 单项选择题

神经细胞动作电位的主要组成部分是()

A.阈电位

B.负后电位

C.峰电位

D.正后电位

E.局部电位

答案

参考答案:C

解析:动作电位实际上是膜受刺激后在原有的静息电位基础上发生的一次膜两侧电位的快速而可逆的倒转和复原;在神经纤维,它一般在0.5~2.0ms的时间内完成,这使它在描记的图形上表现为一次短促而尖锐的脉冲样变化,因而人们常把这种构成动作电位主要部分的脉冲样变化,称之为峰电位。

阅读理解

Can you imagine living in the desert for a whole year, watching the activities of a group of busy ants? Deborah Gordon did exactly that. She finally found out that there were four main groups of workers in the ant team: cleaners, haulers(搬运工), gatherers and security (安全) ants. Each group did their own job to finish the task of the whole team.

Cleaner ants carried waste food from inside the nest to outside. Hauler ants walked on the top of the nest and cleared rubbish. Gatherer ants went out to find food for the whole team and security ants fought against anyone who wanted to hurt the members of the team.

While she was watching the ants in the desert, Deborah found that the most interesting part was watching the ants dealing with difficulties, such as fighting against other insects that wanted to destroy their nest, or a big fire. At those moments, they would all stop what they were doing and go to help security ants to protect their home.

What do we do when people around us meet difficulties? What have we done to turn our world into a better place? It’s time to think.

小题1: If there was a fire near their home, the groups of ants would________.

A.just do their own job

B.run away at once

C.help to fight against the fire

D.go back into their nest小题2:Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?

A.Cleaner ants carried waste food from outside the nest to the inside.

B.Gatherer ants went out to find food for themselves.

C.Each group did their own job when meeting difficulties.

D.There were some other insects that wanted to destroy their nest.小题3:The writer mainly wants to tell us____________.

A.everyone should help others when they meet difficulties

B.there were four groups of workers in the ant team

C.how Deborah Gordon lived in the desert

D.Deborah Gordon is a brave woman

单项选择题

阅读下文,回答106—110题。
你能想象一只绿色老鼠的样子吗科学家最近通过基因变化技术使老鼠长出了绿色的毛,试验的成功让科学家们相信,将相关基因移植入毛囊可以改变毛发的颜色,这意味着对毛囊进行基因变体疗法可能大有作为。
抗癌公司是美国加州圣迭戈的一家生物技术公司,这里的科学家将一种水母基因移植到老鼠的毛囊中,使老鼠长出了在蓝光下呈现荧光绿的毛发。该公司总裁罗伯特·霍夫曼说:“这些毛发之所以是绿色的,是因为其中有荧光绿色的蛋白质。”这种荧光绿蛋白质就是使水母在暗处发绿光的那种基因。霍夫曼将这种水母的基因移入一块剪下的老鼠皮上,他用一种名叫胶原酶的物质将老鼠皮组织软化,胶原酶可使毛囊更容易接受水母的基因。然后将老鼠皮放入培养液中。培养液含有一种腺病毒,这种病毒与平常引起感冒的腺病毒相似。该病毒很快进入老鼠皮上的水母基因细胞中。霍夫曼采取措施使病毒迅速复制,这样病毒细胞就可以将自己携带的基因成分载入老鼠的细胞中。霍夫曼在显微镜下观察细胞的变化过程,他发现,老鼠皮的毛囊中明显出现了绿色蛋白质的斑点,这是每根毛发生长的基础,此后,这块老鼠皮上80%的地方长出了绿色的毛。然后,霍夫曼将这块长有绿毛的老鼠皮移植到活老鼠缺少毛发的皮肤上,移植的毛发在老鼠身上不断生长,逐渐遍布全身。
目前,该研究最乐观的前景可能就是让灰白头发恢复成黑发。研究人员已通过基因疗法使白老鼠长出了黑色的毛,这对于治疗灰白头发是重大进步。但这种基因变体技术还要在老鼠身上再做几年试验才能用于人类。科学家认为,一旦人类掌握了关于头发颜色的基因,基因疗法就可以用于美发。黑头发是因为真黑素在发挥作用,红头发和褐色头发也都有其生成色素,但目前还没破解金发的分子构造。一旦科学家们发现了所有决定头发颜色的基因,那么人们就可以[ ]地改变头发的颜色,只需激活或减少相关基因,而不是通过染色物质。
霍夫曼同时指出:“毛囊是个了不起的工具。”他相信基因工程能使毛囊产生任何形式的蛋白质,比如胰岛素和干扰素(一种免疫系统蛋白质)。小小的毛囊其实是个巨大的工厂。通过基因疗法,毛囊里不仅能长出健康的头发,还有可能承载某些基因来治疗白化病、糖尿病、癌症等。实际上,把基因疗法用于美发要比治病困难得多。美发需要把头上所有的毛囊都进行处理,而治病只在几个毛囊上进行处理就可以了。

下列理解符合原文意思的一项是( )。

A.一种水母身上带有能在暗处发绿光的荧光绿蛋白质,将该蛋白质植入老鼠毛发,就能使之发绿光

B.霍夫曼把一种类似感冒病毒的腺病毒,植入活老鼠缺少毛发的皮肤上并迅速复制,这样就使老鼠皮的毛囊中明显出现绿色蛋白质的斑点

C.霍夫曼采用的基因变体疗法就是通过基因变化技术对老鼠的毛囊进行基因改造,从而改变毛发的颜色

D.科学家们认为,基因疗法能否用于美发,关键在于人类对头发颜色的基因的掌握,如果不能发现所有决定头发颜色的基因,那么人们就很难改变头发的颜色