问题 问答题

某实验小组利用下列的电学实验器材探究一段某种导电材料的电阻.

器材:电流表A(0.6A/3A,内阻小于0.1Ω),电压表V(3V/15V,内阻大于9kΩ),学生电源E(3V直流电源),变阻器R(最大阻值为25Ω),定值电阻R0(100Ω),开关K和导线若干.

该小组大约每隔2分钟测量一组数据,下面是他们记录的实验数据及作出电阻的U-I图线:

序号电压表示数/V电流表示数/A
10.400.04
20.800.10
31.200.22
41.400.30
51.600.40
61.800.56
(1)在方框内画出该小组实验的电路图.

(2)分析该小组所画出的U-I图线弯曲的主要原因.

(3)比较该小组的电阻测量值R与真实值R的大小关系并说明产生此误差的原因.

(4)该小组用多用表的“×10”欧姆挡试测这段材料在常温下的电阻,操作步骤正确,发现表头指针偏转的角度很大.为了准确地进行测量,应换到______档.如果换档后立即用表笔连接待测电阻进行读数,那么欠缺的步骤是:______,补上该步骤后,表盘的示数如图所示,则该材料的电阻是______Ω.

答案

(1)因电阻较小电压表内阻相对很大,分流作用小故用电流表外接法;滑动变阻器若用限流式则其最小电流也大于0.04A

故不能用限流式,采用分压式

则电路如图所示; 

(2)随电流的增大,图中的各点与原点连线的斜率在变小,而斜率表示的是阻值,则阻值在变小;

电压大电流大则功率大,则温度变高,而阻值在减小,是因为电阻率随温度的升高而减小.

(3)外接法中电流表的示数为通过电阻的电流和通过电压表的电流之和大于了通过电阻的电流的真实值,故R<R,其误差来源于电压表的分流.

(4)该小组用多用表的“×10”欧姆挡试测这段材料在常温下的电阻,操作步骤正确,发现表头指针偏转的角度很大.为了准确地进行测量,应换到×1档.

如果换档后立即用表笔连接待测电阻进行读数,那么欠缺的步骤是:两表笔直接接触,调节欧姆调零旋钮,使指针指在“0Ω”处,补上该步骤后,表盘的示数如图所示,则该材料的电阻是11.0Ω.

故答案为:(1)如图 

(2)电阻率随温度的升高而减小

(3)R<R误差是由于电压表内阻的分流造成的

(4)“×1”;两表笔直接接触,调节欧姆调零旋钮,使指针指在“0Ω”处(或重新进行欧姆调零);11.0.

阅读理解

B

PENRICE

COMMUNITY COLLEGE

Cornwall County Counicl

We Need Two

ASSISANT HEADTEACHERS

From January 2006

L13—17(£44,703—£49,314)

Penrice Community College is a highly regarded and successful 11-16 specialist languages college. Following the recent appointment of a new headteacher  we’re restructuring the leadership team to create two new roles.

One post will involve leading teaching teams with responsibility for developing curricula(课程) and time-tabling.

The other post will be leading student based teams and responsibility for student learing outcomes and the removal of barriers to student success such as poor attendance or disaffection.

Penrice Community College is:

·A school with 1,350 wonderful students

·High achieving with results well above average

·Mentioned twice in HMCl’s outstanding schools list

·A British Council International School

·Situated in a beautiful part of mid-Cornwall

All enquires for information and application packs should be made to Danielle Eyres on 01726—72613 or at secretary@penricornmvall .sch.uk

Closing date for applications is Tuesday October 4th at noon. Interviews will be held on Monday 17th and Tuesday 18th October 2005.

60. The underlined word “restructuring’ probably means ________.

A. formally telling sb to do               B. Joining the two parts together

C. rebuilding sth and making it work again       D. extending the size of sth

61. The purpose of the above passage is to ________

A. introduce the advantages of a school  

B. report the appointment of a new head teacher

C. call on more students to go to school  

D. advertise for new assistant headteachers

62. The two new posts are required to do all the following EXCEPT ________.

A. stop students missing classes  B. get students interested in learning

C. lead students-based teams      D. arrange new curricula

63. HMCI is probably the name of ________.

A. an educational organization     B. a school leader

C. a political party               D. a news reporter

选择题