问题 问答题

(1)在“验证机械能守恒定律”的实验中,打点计时器电源频率为50Hz,当地重力加速度为9.80m/s2,测得所用重锤的质量为1.00kg,实验中获得一条点迹清晰的纸带如图1,把第一个点记为O,另选连续的4个点A、B、C、D作为测量点,经测量知道,A、B、C、D各点到O点的距离分别为hOA=62.99cm、hOB=70.18cm、hOC=77.76cm、hOD=85.73cm,根据上述数据,可知计时器记录C点时,重物的速度vC=______m/s,重物由O点运动到C点,重力势能的减少量等于______J,动能的增量等于______J.(取3位有效数字)

(2)电流表A1的量程为0~200μA、内电阻约为500Ω,现要测其内阻,除若干开关、导线之外还有器材如下:

电流表A2:与A1规格相同

滑动变阻器R1:阻值0~20Ω

电阻箱R2:阻值0~9999Ω

保护电阻R3:阻值约为3kΩ

电源:电动势E约1.5V、内电阻r约2Ω

①如图2所示,某同学想用替代法测量电流表内阻,他设计了部分测量电路,在此基础上请你将滑动变阻器接入电路中,使实验可以完成.

②电路完整后,请你完善以下测量电流表A1内电阻的实验步骤.

a.先将滑动变阻器R1的滑动端移到使电路安全的位置,再把电阻箱R2的阻值调到______(填“最大”或“最小”)

b.闭合开关S1、S,调节滑动变阻器R1,使两电流表的指针在满偏附近,记录电流表A2的示数I.

c.断开S1,保持S闭合、R1不变,再闭合S2,调节电阻箱R2,使电流表A2的示数______,读出此时电阻箱的示数R2,则电流表A1内电阻 r=______.

答案

(1)C点的速度vC=

hBD
2T
=
(85.73-70.18)×10-2
0.04
m/s=3.89m/s.

则动能的增加量Ek=

1
2
mvC2=
1
2
×1×3.892≈7.57J.

重力势能的减小量△Ep=mgh=1×9.8×0.7776J≈7.62J.

(2)为方便实验操作,滑动变阻器选择R1:阻值0~20Ω,电流表电阻远大于滑动变阻器最大阻值,

为多次测量,滑动变阻器应采用分压接法,实验电路图如图所示.

②根据实验电路、半偏法测电笔内阻的原理,实验步骤如下:

a、将变阻器R1的滑动端移到左端,电阻箱的阻值调到最大.

b、闭合开关S1、S,调节变阻器,使两电流表指针有较大的偏转,记录电流表A2的示数I.

c、断开S1,保持S闭合、R1不变,再闭合S2,调节电阻箱,使电流表A2的示数再次为I.读出此时电阻箱的示数R2,R2的大小为电流表A1内电阻r.即r=R2

故答案为:(1)3.89   7.62     7.57

(2)①完成电路如图             

②最大.   再次为I,R2

完形填空
完形填空。
      Once a young man was traveling by train. It was a long and boring journey.
      As the train was moving across a wilderness (荒野), the passengers looked out of the windows quietly.
When the train reached a bend (转弯处), it  1  and a simple house appeared. It was so easy to notice that
everybody on the train turned to "enjoy" with eyes wide open. Some passengers began a discussion about it.
The young man was also  2  by the scenery. On his return he  3  the train at the nearest station and found his
way to the house. Its owner said that he was troubled by the  4  of the train. He wanted to sell the house, but
nobody would buy it.   
     Soon the young man spent 30,000 dollars on the  5 . He thought it was a good place for  6  because it
was facing the railway bend. When the train moved slowly past, the 7  passengers would be very interested
in the house.
     He tried to connect with some big companies and told them that could be used for advertisement.  8  the
Coca-Cola Company took it to put up their signs. To everyone's surprise, the young man was  9  180,000
dollars for a three-year rent.
     This is a true story. It tells us that discovery is very important to  10 . Many people have got new ideas
from it.
( )1. A fell behind  
( )2. A. attacked    
( )3. A. got on      
( )4. A. track       
( )5. A. room        
( )6. A. advertisement
( )7. A. excited     
( )8. A. Since then  
( )9. A. shown       
( )10. A. success    
B. dropped off
B. fright ened
B. looked for 
B. conductor  
B. place      
B. information
B. tired      
B. At last    
B. allowed    
B. confidence 
C. slowed down
C. trapped    
C. got off    
C. passenger  
C. house      
C. relaxing   
C. surprised  
C. At least   
C. offered    
C. activity   
D. rushed out
D. attracted 
D. waited for
D. noise                                        
D. land      
D. traveling 
D. worried   
D. So far    
D. returned  
D. invention 
单项选择题