问题 综合

该图为北半球某地区某时刻地面等压线图,回答下列问题。

(1)从气流状况看,乙处是________,水平气流呈________时针方向旋转。

(2)从气压分布状况看,甲、乙两处之间最大气压差可能为__________百帕。

A.59<P<60             B.60<P<61

C.64<P<65             D.50<P<51

(3)丙处与丁处相比,_______处的风力较大,其原因是:_______________。

(4)B、C两线,实际存在锋面的是________,判断的理由是______________________

________________________________________。

答案

(1)气旋 逆  (2分)

(2)A (2分) 

(3)丙(1分) 

图中丙处等压线比丁处密集,水平气压梯度力较大,所以丙处的风力较大。(2分)

(4)B (1分)

B线位于低压槽处,南北两侧性质不同的气流相遇,易形成锋面(2分)

题目分析:

(1)本题考查气旋与反气旋。气旋、反气旋是对天气系统气流状况的描述,低压、高压是对天气系统气压状况的描述。实际上气旋就是低压系统,反气旋就是高压系统。乙处中心为低压,所以为气旋,在北半球成逆时针旋转。

(2)本题考查等值线图的判读。甲处气压大于1040小于1045,乙处气压大于985小于990。所以甲乙处的气压差为:大于50小于60。所以最大气压带大于59小于60。所以本题选择A选项。

(3)本题考查大气水平运动风速大小。大气的水平运动称之为风,形成风的直接原因是水平气压梯度力,水平气压梯度力垂直于等压线,并指向低压。在高空风向只受到水平气压梯度力和地转偏向力的影响,在近地面风向还要受到摩擦力的影响。丙等压线密集,水平气压梯度力大,风速大。

(4)本题考查锋面气旋,锋面常常和气旋结合在一起,形成锋面气旋。B处为低压槽,能形成锋面。

点评:冷、暖锋面与天气

 冷锋暖锋准静止锋与天气
图形 
符号 
概念冷气团主动向暖气团移动暖气团主动向冷气团移动准静止锋是指移动幅度很小的锋。
天气特征过境前单一气团控制,天气晴朗单一气团控制,低温晴朗冷、暖气团势均力敌,或遇地形阻挡,锋面移动缓慢,或较长时间在一个地区摆动,造成阴雨连绵的天气。
过境时阴天、雨雪、刮风、降温连续性降水
过境后气压升高,气温下降,天气晴朗气温上升,气压下降,天气转好
降水的分布降水一般出现在锋后降水一般出现在锋前 
大气举例北方夏季暴雨,冬春季大风,寒潮,沙尘暴春季,长江以南和东北地区,常有暖锋活动。夏初,我国长江中下游地区的梅雨就是准静止锋造成的;冬半年的昆明准静止锋使得昆明和贵阳天气有很大差异。
气旋、反气旋是对天气系统气流状况的描述,低压、高压是对天气系统气压状况的描述。实际上气旋就是低压系统,反气旋就是高压系统。

低压(气旋)、高压(反气旋)系统的特点与天气

 气旋反气旋
气压低气压(中心低,四周高)高气压(中心高,四周低)
水平运动四周向中心辐合(北逆南顺)中心向四周辐散(北顺南逆)
垂直运动上升下沉
天气多阴雨天气多晴朗、干燥天气
举例台风长江流域的伏旱、我国北方秋高气爽的天气

阅读理解

阅读理解。

     A habit is any action that we have performed so often that it becomes something that we do almost without thinking.  Some of them are  thought to be bad habits.  People spend countless  hours and  dollars each year trying to get rid of these bad habits but often fail. Why?  Change is hard work and there is no shortcut to achieve it. However, there is still some advice for you to follow.

     First, look at why  you do it.  In other words,  what's the result  of doing this thing?  If your bad habit is

shouting at  people when you are unhappy or under pressure,  what do you get from it?  It may  make you

feel a little better for the moment. Or maybe you have a bad habit  of leaving your homework undone.  The result could be that you get more time to spend on the Internet!

     Next, take  a look  on the other hand.  What are you  losing  because of  your habit?  Shouting at other

people is a bad habit because it makes people around you feel bad and unhappy. Leaving your homework undone is a bad  habit because you  may be  punished by your teacher.  Having more  Internet time means

that you are losing  the chance to  learn the things  that you need to learn.  When you think that way,  you'll

find that it's not wise to keep your bad habit! Now it is time to make a decision. What will you choose? I'm sure you will choose to do what you think is more important.

1. From the first paragraph we know that __________.

A. a habit is a terrible thing that we can never change

B. people take countless hours and dollars to get rid of habits

C. none of the people who try to break bad habits are successful

D. though it is difficult, we can still do something about our bad habits

2. The underlined sentence "there is no shortcut to achieve it" means that ________.

A. it is not easy to get rid of bad habits  

B. there is a long way and a short way

C. something dangerous may happen  

D. we must cut it in a short time.

3. According to the reading, if you want to get rid of your habits, you have to _____.

A. talk to others when you are in low spirits

B. know why you do what you do

C. finish your homework first  

D. spend less time on the Internet

4. Which of the following does NOT happen because of a bad habit according to the reading?

A. You are punished later.  

B. Making people around you feel unhappy.

C. You feel a little better after shouting at others.

D. You leave your homework at home by accident.

5. The main purpose of this passage is to __________.

A. introduce and describe  

B. complain and disagree  

C. explain and advise      

D. discuss and argue

多项选择题