问题 论述题

2013年9月10日,国务院发布了《大气污染防治行动计划》,明确提出“经过五年努力,全国空气质量总体改善,重污染天气较大幅度减少”的时间表。

材料一 国家统计数据显示,21世纪以来全国平均雾霾天数呈显著增加趋势。

材料二 中国青年报统计“公众期待政府如何应对雾霾”的调查问卷,居于前6位的公众期待为——“找出雾霾成因,积极治理”占69.9%,“及时披露空气污染信息” 占64.6%, “向民众发出污染预警” 占58.2%,“对污染企业限产限排,依法严惩违法者”占54.5%,“限制机动车上路,减少尾气排放”占49.5%,“宣传生活中应对雾霾的措施”占48.7%。

材料三 为了既发展经济又提升空气质量,S市采取了以下措施:减少煤炭消费量,增加天然气消费比重;优化机动车结构,推广高品质汽油的使用;关停高污染企业,推动旅游、传媒、通讯等产业发展;增加财政支持,治理江河湖泊,大力发展农村沼气,改善农村环境。

(1)说明材料一所反映的经济信息。(8分)

(2)运用《政治生活》知识,结合材料二,说明公众对政府期待的合理性。(12分)

(3)运用《经济生活》知识,说明S市的措施是如何体现科学发展观的要求。 (8分)

答案

(1)①2001年以来,全国平均雾霾天数呈显著增加趋势,这与我国能源消费结构、汽车尾气排放等因素有关,我国急需转变经济发展方式和消费方式。(2分)②在能源消费构成中,我国煤炭消费的比重从2001-2009年持续上升;虽然规划咋2015年略降,但远远超出世界平均水平;这是导致空气质量下降的重要原因。煤炭消费对环境影响超过5%,其他能源对环境影响较小。(4分)③2003-2012年,我国民用汽车保有量持续快速增长,机动车尾气排放对大气污染造成巨大的影响。(2分)

(2)①期待“找出雾霾成因,整治污染物排放”,这是对政府责任的期待。我国政府是人民的政府,必须坚持对人民负责原则。(2分)②期待“及时披露雾霾空气污染信息、发出污染预警”,这是对政府保证民众知情权的期待。公民依法享有的知情权受法律保护,这也是公民行使监督权的基础。(3分)③期待“对污染企业采取限产限排措施”,这是对政府履行经济职能的期待。政府在经济建设中应该要加强经济调节、市场监管、社会管理、公共服务。(3分)④期待“限制机动车尤其是公车上路”、“宣传生活应对措施”,这是对政府履行社会公共服务职能、文化职能的期待,政府应优化生态环境、防治污染。(2分)

(3)①S市所采取的措施有利于改善空气质量,目的是使人们减少疾病侵害,提高生活质量,这体现了以人为本的核心。(2分)

②关停高污染企业,大力发展旅游、媒体、通讯等产业,有利于提升经济发展的质量,体现了第一要义是发展。(2分)

⑨所采取的措施既推进经济建设,又重视生态文明建设,坚持文明发展之路,实现经济社会永续发展,这体现了全面协调可持续的基本要求。(2分)

④增加财政投入,治理江河湖泊,帮助农村地区改善环境质量,体现了统筹兼顾这一根本方法。(2分)

题目分析:该题考查公民的监督权、政府的性质、原则和职能、科学发展观等知识点,第(1)问:图表题,考生还是注意其标题,分析其数据,注意数据间进行对比,即可得出:全国平均雾霾天数呈显著增加趋势,我国煤炭消费的比重从2001-2009年持续上升,机动车尾气排放对大气污染造成巨大的影响。第(2)问:分析公众对政府期待的合理性,考生可以从公民(公民依法享有的知情权受法律保护,这也是公民行使监督权的基础)和政府(政府的性质、原则、经济建设职能、履行社会公共服务职能、文化职能)二个角度进行作答。第(3)问:考查科学发展观,体现类试题,考生注意立足于科学发展观的要求作答即可:第一要义是发展、以人为本的核心、全面协调可持续的基本要求、根本方法是统筹兼顾,注意结合材料进行分析。

填空题
单项选择题

When Dave was eighteen, he bought a secondhand car for 200 so that he could travel to and from work more (1) than by bus. It worked quite well for a few years, but then it got so old, and it was costing him (2) much in repairs that he decided that he had better (3) it.

He asked among his friends to see if anyone was particularly (4) to buy a cheap car, but they all knew that it was falling to pieces, so (5) of them had any desire to buy it. Dave’s friend Sam saw that he was (6) when they met one evening, and said, "What’s (7) , Dave"

Dave told him, and Sam answered, "Well, what about advertising it in the paper You may (8) more for it that way than the cost of the advertisement!" Thinking that Sam’s (9) was sensible, he put an advertisement in an evening paper, which read "For sale: small car, (10) very little petrol, only two owners. Bargain at 50. " For two days after the advertisement first appeared, there was no (11) . But then on Saturday evening he had an enquiry. A man rang up and said he would like to (12) him about the car. "All right, " Dave said, feeling happy. He asked the man whether ten o’clock the next morning would be (13) or not. "Fine, " the man said, "and I’ll (14) my wife. We intend to go for a ride in it to (15) it. "

The next morning, at a quarter to ten, Dave parked the car in the square outside his front door, (16) to wait there for the people who had (17) his advertisement. Even Dave had to (18) that the car really looked like a wreck. Then, soon after he had got the car as clean (19) it could be, a police car stopped just behind him and a policeman got out. He looked at Dave’s car and then said, "Have you reported this (20) to us yet, sir\

10().

A.uses 

B.loses 

C.has 

D.spends