问题 选择题

下列关于催化剂的说法正确的是(    )

A.催化剂能改变其他物质的化学反应速率

B.催化剂能加快化学反应速率但本身的性质不变

C.二氧化锰可作任何反应的催化剂

D.没有催化剂就不能进行化学反应

答案

答案:A

催化剂的概念是这样描述的:“在化学反应里能改变其他物质的化学反应速率,而本身的质量和化学性质在化学反应前后都没有发生变化的物质叫做催化剂.”通过概念我们可以这样理解:(1)改变的是反应的速率,而不是反应本身,也就是不改变反应的发生与否,改变的是本来就能够发生的反应.(2)由于催化剂本身只是改变反应速率,所以不会改变反应的生成物的量的.(3)所谓速率的改变,催化剂有正负之分.正催化剂能加快反应的速率,如人体中的酶可加快食物的消化等;而负催化剂能减慢反应的速率,如橡胶、塑料制品中的防老化剂等.故“改变”应理解为“加快”或“减慢”.

A、使用催化剂不能改变生成物的量.由于催化剂就是改变反应速率,所以不会改变生成物的量;故A正确;

B、加入催化剂化学反应速率一定加快.催化剂对速率的改变有加快也可以减慢,需要根据需要来选择;故B不正确;

C、有许多化学反应不需要催化剂就能进行,二氧化锰也不是只做催化剂用的,又是可做反应物;故C不正确;

D、没有催化剂就不能进行化学反应.催化剂改变的是能够发生的反应的速率,而不能改变能否反应的事实;故D不正确. 

故选A.

填空题


A How to Use a Painting Knife 使用画刀的方法
Painting with a knife is a bit like putting butter on bread and produces quite a (1) result to a brush. Painting knives are excellent for producing textured, impasto work and (2) areas of flat colour.
What’s the difference between a palette knife and a painting knife
A palette knife is a long, straight spatula that is used (3) mixing paints and scraping a palette clean. They’re made from metal, plastic, or wood and (4) either be completely straight or have a slightly bent handle. A painting knife has (5) large crank in the handle, which takes your hand away from the painting surface. They (6) in numerous shapes(for example pear-, diamond-, or trowel-shaped) and are used for painting (7) of a brush. The edge of the knife is blunt, so that it doesn’t cut the (8) .
·What shape of painting knife should I use
Different shaped painting knives produce different effects. For example, a short blade produces angular strokes (9)a long blade makes it easy to put down sweeps of colour.
·Why can’t I use a palette knife to paint with
You can. Painting (10) just have the advantage of coming in more angular shapes and with sharper points. And (11) larger crank in the handle means there’s less chance of rubbing your knuckles into wet (12) . If you’re unsure whether you’re going to enjoy painting with a knife, first buy a (13) , plastic palette knife and experiment a bit with this before upgrading to a wood-and-metal knife.
·How do I use painting knife
(14) the handle firmly so you’re got good control. Pick up some paint off your palette (15) the tip, as you’d pick up some butter with a knife. Use the side of the (16) to spread paint across your canvas, or press it onto the canvas, as you (17) spread butter across a slice of bread.It’ll seem strange at first as it’s quite (18) to using a brush. Using just the tip of the blade will produce small dots. (19) the edge of the knife down will produce fine lines. Pressing the blade flat down (20) the paint will produce ridges. Scrape back into the paint to reveal underlying layers (called sgraffito).

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