问题 计算题

A、B两辆汽车在笔直的公路上同向行驶.当B车在A车前84 m处时,B车速度为4 m/s,且正以2 m/s2的加速度做匀加速运动,经过一段时间后,B车加速度突然变为零,A车一直以20 m/s的速度做匀速运动,经过12 s后两车相遇.问

(1)B车在12 s内的位移?

(2)B车加速行驶的时间是多少?

答案

(1)156m   (2) 6s

题目分析:设A车的速度为,B车加速行驶的时间为t,两车在时刻相遇.则有:

(1)根据题意可知,B车在12 s内的位移

所以      

(2)

其中分别为A、B两车相遇前行驶的路程.依题意有:

式中

联立解得: 

解得:

有: (式中t的单位为s)

解得: (不合题意,舍去)

因此,B车加速行驶的时间为6s.           

注:主观题其它解法只要符合题意,均可酌情给分。

点评:分析追及问题时一定要注意抓住两个关系,即时间关系和位移关系.时间关系是指两物体运动时间是否相等,两物体是同时运动还是一先一后等;而位移关系是指两物体同地运动还是一前一后运动等,其中通过画运动示意图找到两物体间的位移关系是解题的突破口,因此在学习中一定要养成画草图分析问题的良好习惯。

阅读理解

There are seven continents﹙洲﹚in the world. Among them, Antarctica﹙南极洲﹚is the most special one. It is a world of snow and ice all year round. China has sent many scientists there. They try to find resources﹙资源﹚under the icy land and study climate change and sea biology.

What do they eat?

Scientists don’t have many choices on what they eat. About 60% their food is frozen food. It is easy to heat﹙加热﹚。Meat is common on the menu, while vegetables are not usual. Fresh vegetables are hard to grow in the cold weather. Therefore, people often eat dried and canned vegetables.

How do they sleep?

In Antarctica, summer lasts from November to March. During this time, Antarctica faces the sun and gets sunlight 24 hours of the day. In order to get some sleep,scientists cover the window with black cloth to make “night”.

How do they work?

People can wear warm clothes to be against the cold weather, but they can do little with the strong wind. Sometimes, the wind is even stronger than a typhoon. It can easily blow people away.

So there are ropes﹙绳索﹚that connect some research stations. People can hold these ropes to keep balance in strong winds.

How do they keep in touch with others?

There are no cables or Internet on the frozen continent. So mobiles and computers don’t work there. Scientists usually use two-way radios to communicate at work. If they want to say hello to family and friends, they can use the satellite phones.

小题1:What do scientists do in Antarctica?

A.They mostly study on the animals and plants there.

B.They mostly find resources and study climate change and sea biology.

C.They mostly find different kinds of lives under the ice and study them.

D.They mostly study on the ice and geography.小题2:What kind of vegetables do they usually eat?

A.Fresh vegetables

B.Green vegetables only

C.Dried and canned vegetables

D.They go down the ice to work.小题3:What do they do when the day lasts for 24 hours?

A.They work all day long.

B.They find a way to make “night”.

C.They stop working on those days.

D.They go down the ice to work.小题4:How do the scientists work on the terrible windy days?

A.They use ropes to help themselves.

B.They just stay in the houses.

C.They use cars and ships to help.

D.They don’t think the wind brings trouble.小题5:If scientist wants to say “I love you”to her daughter, what can she use?

A.Mobile phones

B.Tow-way radios

C.Satellite phones

D.Iphones and Ipods.

选择题