问题 问答题 简答题

小儿呕吐常见于哪些原因?

答案

参考答案:

呕吐常见原因:

(1)消化系统疾病:a、先天性畸形或狭窄,食道过短,食道裂孔疝,食道憩室、贲门失驰症,胃重复畸形,幽门痉挛或幽门肥大性狭窄,环状胰腺,十二指肠憩室、,美克儿氏憩室,先天性肠闭锁或狭窄、肠旋转不良等。b、后天性:喂养不当或吞咽空气过多、食管炎、溃疡病、胃炎、肠炎、胆道蛔虫症、肠套叠,其它原因所致肠梗阻、肝炎、胰腺炎、胆囊炎、药物副作用及中毒所致,尤其是口服给药容易引起恶心、呕吐。

(2)消化道以外的疾病:a:颅内疾病:颅内出血、缺氧、肿瘤、脑炎或脑膜炎、脑水肿等。b:感染:小儿任何感染均可发生呕吐。c:代谢紊乱:如酸中毒、碱中毒、尿毒症等。d:其它:各种原因引起的中毒均易发生呕吐等。

护理:对呕吐患儿应取侧卧位,以免呕吐物被吸入引起窒息或吸入性肺炎。

阅读理解

阅读理解。

      Mrs. Blake teaches English in a large school in the inner area of a big city on the west of coast. Even

since she was a young girl,she has wanted to become a teacher. She has taught eight years now and hasn't

changed her mind. After she graduated from high school, she went on to college. Four years later, she

received her bachelor's degree (B A) in English and her teaching certificate (证书). Then she went to teach

in the secondary schools of her state. In the summers, Mrs. Blake takes more classes; she hopes to get a

master's degree (M A). With an MA, she will receive a higher salary and if possible, she hopes to get a doctor's

degree as well. The school day at Mrs. Blake's high school, like that in many high schools in the United States,

is divided into one hour each. Mrs. Blake must teach five of these periods. During her free period, which for

her is from 2 to 3 P.M., Mrs. Blake must meet with parents, make out examinations, check assignments at all,

Mrs. Blake works continuously from the time she arrives at school in the morning till the time she leaves for

home late in the afternoon.

1. How long is it since Mrs. Blake graduated from middle school? [      ]

A. four years

B. eight years

C. twelve years

D. twenty years

2. According to the article, which is the right order of the degrees a person can receive after going to

    university? [ ]

A. a doctor's degree - a bachelor's degree - a master's degree

B. a bachelor's degree - a master's degree - a doctor's degree

C. a master's degree - a bachelor's degree - a doctor's degree

D. a bachelor's degree - a doctor's degree - a master's degree

3. How many degrees has Mrs. Blake achieved so far? [ ]

A. one

B. two

C. three

D. none

4. Which of the following sentences is not true? [ ]

A. Mrs. Blake teaches in the inner area of big city on the east of the United Sates

B. Mrs. Blake has turned her wish of becoming a teacher into reality.

C. Mrs. Blake is still studying in her holidays in order to get higher degrees.

D. The working hours in the school where Mrs. Blake works are similar to those of many other high schools in the states.

判断题