问题 论述题

(26分)高三某班同学以“建设美丽中国”为主题,以小组为单位开展研究性学习。阅读材料,回答问题。

甲组同学从网上查找资料,发现许多国家经济发展都经历这样一个过程(见图10),同时获知国家经济发展水平提高、技术进步、居民环境质量需求升级等是降低环境污染的重要因素。他们认为,我国已进入工业化中期,建设美丽中国,需要推动环境污染的“拐点”尽快到来。

(1)图10反映了什么经济现象。并说明降低环境污染的因素是如何对“拐点”尽快到来起促进作用的。(12分)

2013年,我国多个地方遭遇雾霾天气,乙组同学认为持续的雾霾折射出我们与美丽中国的距离,经过调查,发现解释雾霾天气必须改变能源结构不合理的状况,实现经济发展方式由粗放向集约的转变,增强民众的环保意识等。

(2)结合材料,说明解释雾霾天气的上述做法的哲学依据。(8分)

丙组同学认为,尽管我国已进入工业化中期,但环境污染“拐点”不会自然到来,需各方齐心协力,共同治理污染。倡议同学们,要增强忧患意识,关注绿色未来;从自己做起,自觉树立绿色消费观,共建共享低碳新生活。

(3)结合材料,运用物质和意识辩证关系原理,说明如何治理环境污染,建设美丽中国。(6分)

答案

(1)人类活动对环境都有污染(或在经济发展的不同阶段,人类活动对环境的影响不同;工业化之前,对环境的影响较小)。随着经济的发展,工业化初期,对环境的污染程度由低趋高;工业化后期,环境污染由高趋低;工业化基本完成以后,对环境的污染降到环境容量以下。(4分)①经济发展水平提高,国家财政收入增长,保障对环境保护的财政支出;②增强自主创新能力,推动产业结构优化升级;③居民环境质量需求升级,能带动环保产业的出现和成长,减缓环境恶化。(8分)

(2)①正确处理整体和部分的关系意义重大,只有树立全局观念,立足整体,统筹全局,才能实现整体的最优目标,因此必须解决能源结构不合理的状况;(3分)②规律是客观的,普遍的,要求我们必须尊重规律,按客观规律办事,因此,必须实现发展方式由粗放向集约的转变;(3分)③意识具有能动作用,正确意识对事物的发展起促进作用,所以要增强民众环保意识。(2分)

(3)①物质决定意识,要求一切从实际出发,实事求是,把发挥主观能动性和尊重客观规律相结合,要从自己做起,践行科学低碳生活方式。②意识具有能动性,正确意识对事物的发展起促进作用。建设美丽中国,必须有忧患意识,关注绿色未来自觉树立绿色消费观。(6分)

题目分析:

(1)本题第一问是图表题,图表题遵循横向看差距,纵向看变化,即人类活动对环境都有污染,初期环境污染由低到高,后期由高到低,完成以后降到环境容量以下。第二问,解决环境污染问题,需要国家宏观调控,经济发展水平提高,国家财政收入增长,保护环境的财政支出增加;需要自主创新能力,推动产业结构优化升级;同时环境保护的发展也能带动环保产业的发展。

(2)本题有一定难度,知识限定较为宽泛,需要自己针对材料进行一一对应,即针对能源结构不合理的状况,正确处理整体和部分的关系;针对发展方式由粗放向集约转变,必须遵循客观规律;针对民众环保意识不强,应该发挥意识的能动作用

(3)本题知识范围较为明确,即物质和意识的辩证关系,原理方法论表述准确即可,同时要结合设问治理环境,建设美丽中国组织语言即可,即从自己做起,践行科学低碳生活方式;建设美丽中国,有忧患意识,关注绿色,树立绿色消费观。

单项选择题

The fact that most Americans live in urban areas does not mean that they reside in the center of large cities. In fact, more Americans live in the suburbs of large metropolitan areas than in the cities themselves.
The Bureau of the Census regards any area with more than 2,500 people as an urban area, and does not consider boundaries of cities and suburbs.
According to the Bureau, the political boundaries are less significant than the social and economic relationships and the transportation and communication systems that integrate a locale. The term used by the Bureau for an integrated metropolis is an MSA, which stands for Metropolitan Statistical Area. In general, an MSA is any area that contains a city and its surrounding suburbs and has a total population of 50,000 or more.
At the present time, the Bureau reports more than 280 MSAs, which together account for 75 percent of the US population. In addition, the Bureau recognizes 18 megapolises, that is, continuous adjacent metropolitan areas. One of the most obvious megapolises includes a chain of hundreds of cities and suburbs across 10 states on the East Coast from Massachusetts to Virginia, including Boston, New York, and Washington, D.C. In the Eastern Corridor, as it is called, a population of 45 million inhabitants is concentrated. Another megapolis that is growing rapidly is the California coast from San Francisco through Los Angeles to San Diego.

According to the Bureau of the Census, what is an urban area

A.A chain of adjacent cities.

B.An area with at least 50,000 people.

C.The 18 largest cities.

D.An area with 2,500 people or mor

问答题 简答题