问题 实验题

【化学—选修2:化学与技术】(15分)

生态工业园区的建设,不仅仅是体现环保理念更要依据循环经济理论和充分考虑经济的可持续发展。下面是某企业设计的硫酸-磷铵-水泥联产,海水-淡水多用,盐-热-电联产三大生态产业链流程图。

根据上述产业流程回答下列问题:

(1)从原料、能源、交通角度考虑该企业应建在(  )

     

A.西部山区  

B.沿海地区  

C.发达城市  

D.东北内陆(2)该流程①、②、③、④、⑤为能量或物质的输送,请分别写出输送的主要物质的化学式或能量形式①   ,②   ,③   ,④   ,⑤   

(3)沸腾炉发生反应的化学方程式                  ,磷肥厂的产品是普钙,其主要成份是       (填化学式)。

(4)热电厂的冷却水是    ,该流程中浓缩盐水除提取盐以外还可提取的物质有  (写出一种即可)。

(5)根据生态园区建设理念请提出高炉炼铁厂废气、废渣及多余热能的利用设想                        (请写出两点)。

答案

(15分)(1)B(2分)

(2)① Fe2O② 电能 ③热能 ④SO2 ⑤浓H2SO4(共5分,每空1分)

(3)   4FeS2 + 11O2高温 2Fe2O3 + 8SO2(2分,无高温条件给1分)

Ca(H2PO4)2·H2O或Ca(H2PO4)2、CaSO4(2分)

(4)海水 镁或溴 (共2分,各1分)

(5)废气(主要是高炉煤气),经除尘后可作为热风炉、加热炉和锅炉等的燃料。

废渣(主要成分是硅酸钙等),可用作水泥生产原料;也可用作矿渣磷肥的生产原料。

余热 ,为延长高炉的使用寿命,用水在外部冷却,废热主要转化为热水用于发电或取暖。(回答出两点即可)(共2分,每一点1分)

题目分析:(1)A、西部山区交通不方便,不可取;B、建在沿海地区,运输硫铁矿比较便利,且废热利用,远离市区,用水比较方便,正确;C、建在城市会污染较严重,影响居民生活,错误;D、东北内陆远离海水,运输海水比较困难,错误,所以综合考虑选择B;

(2)①硫铁矿燃烧后得Fe2O3,用于炼铁;②废热发电输送电能;③硫铁矿燃烧产生的废热,用于发电,所以输送的是热能;④吸收塔中未反应的SO2重新回到接触室继续被氧化为三氧化硫;⑤吸收塔是用硫酸吸收三氧化硫产生的浓硫酸用于制造化肥;

(3)沸腾炉内是硫铁矿的燃烧反应,化学方程式为4FeS2 + 11O2高温 2Fe2O3 + 8SO2;硫酸与磷酸钙反应制取普钙,主要成分是Ca(H2PO4)2·H2O或Ca(H2PO4)2、CaSO4

(4)热电厂用的冷却水是海水,因为沿海地区有丰富的海水资源;海水中富含镁、溴等,所以还可以提取镁、溴;

(5)根据工厂的废气、废渣的成分可知,废气(主要是高炉煤气)经除尘后可作为热风炉、加热炉和锅炉等燃料;废渣(主要成分是硅酸钙等),可用作水泥生产原料;余热 ,为延长高炉的使用寿命,用水在外部冷却,废热主要转化为热水用于发电或取暖。

完形填空

补全阅读(15分)

根据短文内容,从短文后的A—G的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。(有两项多余)

When I was 16 years old, a boy gave me an important present. 小题1:       

It was the early autumn of my first year at a junior high school, and my old school was far away. 小题2:          I was very lonely, and afraid to make friends with anyone.

Every time I heard the other students talking and laughing, I felt my heart broken, I couldn’t talk with anyone about my problems. And I didn’t want my parents to worry about me.

Then one day, my classmates talked happily with their friends, but I sat at my desk unhappily as usual. 小题3:            I didn’t know who he was. He passed me and then turned back. He looked at me, with a smile on his face.

Suddenly, I felt the touch of something bright and friendly. It made me feel happy, lively and warm.

小题4:         I started to talk with other students and made friends. Day by day, I became closer to everyone in my class. The boy with the lucky smile has become my best friend now!

小题5:        I believe that the world is what you think it is. If you think it lonely, you might always be alone. So smile at the world and it will smile back.

A.At that moment, a boy entered the classroom.

B.He’s living in Australia now and he loves it.

C.It doesn’t matter because all the dark days have gone.

D.It was a smile.E. That smile changed my life.

F. It’s impossible to make friends here.

G. As a result, no one knew who I was.

多项选择题