问题 阅读理解

阅读理解。

     When Webster was young, he was a teacher. But he quickly became tired of the books he used in

classes. They were all about the English people and places. Since he wanted books that would be

interesting to American children, he wrote three books with many American examples.

      Webster worked industriously (勤奋地) to change the spelling of American English. He wanted

words to be spelled in the same way they were pronounced (发音). For example, he thought the word

"laugh" should be spelled "1af".

     One day he walked into a print shop and gave the boy there a piece of paper. "Young man," he said,

"when you print any please don't spell as English people do. For example when you print these words

"theatre, centre, colour, and labour (劳动)", please always print them as "theater, center, color,

and labor'." The boy studied it and answered, "OK, but I must ask my boss first."

      With the money he made from his books, Webster could start his work, which took him more

than twenty years to finish. In 1828, the first American English dictionary was born. And today,

Webster's dictionary is thought to be the most important American dictionary in the whole world.

1. What kind of books did he use when Webster was young? [ ]

A. Books about Great Britain.

B. Books about the USA.

C. Books about both Great Britain and the USA.

D. Books that were very interesting.

2. Webster decided to change the spelling of American English because _____. [ ]

A. he was born in America

B. there were too many mistakes in them

C. American children were not interested in them

D. they were not spelled in the same way they were pronounced

3. On the paper Webster gave the boy were the words _____. [ ]

A. easy to say

B. that didn't sound well

C. whose pronunciations he wanted to change

D. whose spellings he wanted to change

4. Webster began to write the first American English dictionary before the year _____. [ ]

A. 1808

B. 1820

C. 1828

D. 1858

答案

1-4  ADDA

单项选择题 A3型题
问答题

背景材料:
某沿海大桥,其主墩基础有40根桩径为1.55m有钻孔灌注桩,实际成孔深度达50m。桥位区地质为:表层为5m的砾石,以下为37m的卵漂石层,再以下为软岩层。承包商采用下列施工方法进行施工:
场地平整,桩位放样,埋设护筒之后,采用冲击钻进行钻孔。然后设立钢筋骨架,在钢筋笼制作时,采用搭接焊接,当钢筋笼下放后,发现孔底沉淀量超标,但超标量较小,施工人员采用空压机风管进行扰动,使孔底残留沉渣处于悬浮状态。之后,安装导管,导管底口距孔底的距离为35cm,且导管口处于沉淀的淤泥渣之上,对导管进行接头抗拉试验,并用1.5倍的孔内水深压力的水压进行水密承压试验,试验合格后,进行混凝土灌注,混凝土坍落度18cm,混凝土灌注在整个过程中均连续均匀进行。
施工单位考虑到灌注时间较长,在混凝土中加入缓凝剂。首批混凝土灌注后埋置导管的深度为1.2m,在随后的灌注过程中,导管的埋置深度为3m。当灌注混凝土进行到10m时,出现塌孔,此时,施工人员立即用吸泥机进行清理;当灌注混凝土进行到23m时,发现导管埋管,但堵塞长度较短,施工人员采取用型钢插入导管的方法疏通导管;当灌注到27m时,导管挂在钢筋骨架上,施工人员采取了强制提升的方法;进行到32m时,又一次堵塞导管,施工人员在导管始终处于混凝土中的状态下,拔抽抖动导管,之后继续灌注混凝土,直到顺利完成。养护一段时间后发现有断桩事故。
2.问题:
(1)断桩可能发生在何处,原因是什么
(2)在灌注水下混凝土时,导管可能出现的问题有哪些
(3)塞管处理的方法有哪些