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黄河三角洲国家级自然保护区位于黄河入海口两侧新淤地带,地处黄河三角洲中心的新兴石油城市--山东省东营市,总面积为15.3万公顷,其中,核心区面积7.9万公顷,缓冲面积1.1万公顷,实验区面积6.3公顷.该保护区地理位置优越,生态类型独特,是中国暖温带最完整、最广阔、最年轻的湿地生态系统,是东北亚内陆和环西太平洋鸟类迁徙的重要“中转站、越冬栖息和繁殖地“,是全国最大的河口三角洲自然保护区.

自然保护区内动植物资源丰富,其中各种野生动物达1524种,属国家重点保护的动物就有48种;自然保护区内的植物有393种,属国家二级重点保护的濒危植物野大豆分布广泛,天然苇荡、天然草场、天然实生树林、天然柽柳灌木林、人工刺槐林连接成片.整个自然保护区的森林覆盖率达到了l7.4%,植被覆盖率高达55.1%.

(1)黄河三角洲国家级自然保护区生态类型独特,动植物种类繁多,结构复杂.该生态系统的组成包括______两部分.

(2)黄河三角洲是在特定的地理条件下形成的河口湿地生态系统,生态环境极易遭到破坏,抗干扰能力弱,系统对外界变化的适应能力差.你认为,该生态系统的自动调节能力______.近几十年来,我国湿地面积急剧减少,许多湿地已被蚕食殆尽,有的甚至成为干地.湿地减少的原因主要是______.

(3)我国是濒危动植物分布大国,许多珍稀野生动植物资源面临灭绝的危险,濒危的原因主要是______.建立黄河三角洲国家级自然保护区是保护该湿地______最根本的措施.

答案

(1)、一个完整的生态系统包括生物部分和非生物部分,生物部分有:植物能进行光合作用制造有机物为生产者,动物直接或间接的以植物为食为消费者,细菌、真菌靠分解动植物的遗体为分解者,另外非生物部分包括阳光、水、空气等.

(2)、生态系统具有自我调节能力,这种能力是有一定限度的,由于生态系统的自我调节能力与生物的数量和种类有关,生物的种类和数量越多,这种能力越强,反之,越弱.题中的黄河三角洲是在特定的地理条件下形成的河口湿地生态系统,生态环境极易遭到破坏,抗干扰能力弱,系统对外界变化的适应能力差.因此,该生态系统的自动调节能力小,近几十年来,由于人为因素我国湿地面积急剧减少,许多湿地已被蚕食殆尽,有的甚至成为干地.

(3)、由于人类活动的加剧,许多珍稀野生动植物资源面临灭绝的危险,野生动植物栖息地的丧失是其主要原因.建立自然保护区是保护生物多样性的最有效措施,人们把含保护对象在内的一定面积的陆地或水体划分出来,进行保护和管理,这就是自然保护区.

故答案为:(1)非生物和生物

(2)弱;人为因素

(3)栖息地的丧失;生物多样性

阅读理解

Money Matters for Students

GETTING A GRANT(补助)

Who pays?

The local education authority (LEA) for the area in which the student is living.

Who can get this money?

Anyone who gets a place on a first degree course,although a student who has already attended a course of advanced further education may not.Students must also have been resident in the UK for at least three years,which can exclude (排除) some students from overseas. SPECIAL CASES

If a student has worked before going to college:

A student who is 26 or more before the course starts and who has worked for at least three of the previous six years will get extra money—£ 155 a year if 26,increasing to a maximum of £ 615 at 29 or more.

If a student is handicapped:

LEAs will give up to £ 500 to help meet extra expenses—such as buying a tape recorder for a blind student,extra heating or special food.

Banking:

Most of the big banks offer special services to students who open accounts (in the hope that they will stay with the bank when they become rich officials).A student won't usually have to pay bank charges as long as the account stays in credit.Some banks allow students to overdraw by £ 100 or so,and still don't make charges (though they  do charge interest).

小题1:A student from Japan who has been staying in England for a year and intends to go to college in a few months will ________.

A.get money if he is taking a first degree course

B.be unable to get money from any LEA

C.get money from any LEA when he has finished his course

D.have to open a bank account before he gets any money小题2:A 31 year old nurse wishes to qualify as a doctor at a university.She has worked since she was 25.How much extra money will she get a year?

A.None.

B.£ 155.

C.£ 615.

D.£ 515.小题3:A student who cannot walk has to buy a wheelchair costing £ 750 to go to classes.How much of the cost will he have to pay himself?

A.£ 150.

B.£ 250.

C.£ 500.

D.£ 750.小题4:You are a new student.Why may a bank welcome you as a customer?

A.They know you receive money regularly.

B.They charge students extra.

C.They hope you will be rich in the future.

D.They need students accounts in term-time.

填空题