问题 综合题

(1 6分)阅读材料,结合所学知识,回答下列问题。

材料一 “中国自秦以来二千年,皆专制黑暗政体之历史也”……或告之曰:“我中国自秦以来二千年,皆封建社会之历史耳,虽至今犹然,一切病痛尽在是矣。”

—据钱穆《国史大纲》整理

材料二 对于许多未经过帝王之治的青年,辛亥革命的政治意义是常被过低估计的,这并不足怪。

——摘自林伯渠《荏苒三十年》

材料三 自20世纪70年代末实行改革开放政策以来,中国在深化经济体制改革的同时,坚定不移地推进政治体制改革,中国的民主制度不断健全,民主形式日益丰富,人民充分行使自己当家作主的权利。

——摘自《中国的民主政治建设》白皮书

(1)依据材料一,归纳作者对君主专制的中央集权制度的认识。(2分)

(2)依据材料二并结合所学知识分析“被过低估计”的原因。用最简洁的语言概述孙中山的革命活动轨迹。(10分)

(3)依据材料三并结合所学知识,概括社会主义现代化建设新时期我国民主政治建设的特点。(4分)

答案

(1)君主专制的中央集权制度是中国古代封建社会一切弊端的根源。(2分)

(2)原因:辛亥革命没有完成反帝反封建的任务,没有改变中国的社会性质;革命果实被袁世凯窃取。因此许多青年低估了辛亥革命的政治意义。(4分)

轨迹:领导辛亥革命、建立资产级共和国;为维护民主共和进行不懈的斗争;捉出新三民主义,促成国共合作,推动了国民革命运动的开展。(6分)

(3)民主政治不断完善和发展;民主政治建设与经济体制改革开举;人民充分行使当家作主的权利等。(任答出其中2点得4分)

填空题



For more than two centuries, American’s colleges and universities have been the backbone of the country’s progress. They have educated the technical, managerial, (1) and provided generation after generation of national leaders. Today educators from around the globe are turning to U. S. institutions of higher learning (2) . They are apt to find many reasons for the excellence of American universities, but (3) stand out as watersheds:
Education (4) : In 1862 Congress enacted the Land-Grant College Act, which essentially extended the opportunity of higher education (5) , including such disenfranchised groups as women and minorities. Each state was permitted to sell large tracts of (6) and use the proceeds to endow at least one public college.
(7) : Over the years, the decentralization and diversity of the America’s colleges and universities have promoted competition for students and resources. Competitive pressure first arose (8) . The academy’s impact really grew after World War II, when (9) commissioned by President Roosevelt argued that it was the federal government’s responsibility to (10) for basic research. Instead of being centralized in government laboratories, scientific research (11) in American universities and generated increasing investment. It also gave graduate students research opportunities and helped (12) far and wide, to the benefit of industry, medicine and society as a whole.
(13) : The end of the World War II saw passage of the Servicemen’s Readjustment Act of 1944. The law, which provided for (14) for returning veterans, made an already democratic higher-education system accessible in ways that were (15) in Europe, opening the doors of the best universities to men and women who had (16) of going to college.
(17) : The creation of federal loan guarantees and subsidy programs, as well as outright grants for college students brought (18) to higher education and further helped to democratize access. Since its founding (19) , the Federal Family Education Loan Program has funded more than 74 million student loans worth more than (20) .

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