Creat as Newton was, many of his ideas        today and are being modified by the work of scientists of

our time.    [ ]

A.   have challenged        

B.   have been challenged    

C．have questioned      

D.   have been questioning

认为社会复杂的结构不能还原为个人的心理现象，而且具有整体效应的学者是（）。

A、霍曼斯

B、帕森斯

C、布劳

D、布迪厄