问题 实验题

比较和归纳是学习化学的常用方法。某学习小组的同学在下图所列出的实验装置的基础上,对二氧化碳的制取进行研究。

(1)确定气体发生装置应考虑的因素是                              

(2)甲同学用大理石与稀盐酸反应制取二氧化碳气体,化学方程式是:

                                  ,要得到一瓶干燥的二氧化碳气体,所选装置的连接顺序是          (填字母),可选用          作干燥剂。

(3)加热固体碳酸氢钠或固体碳酸氢铵都能产生二氧化碳气体,化学反应方程式分别是:2NaHCO3  Na2CO3+ H2O+ CO2↑;  NH4HCO3  NH3↑+ H2O+ CO2↑ 乙同学选择加热碳酸氢钠的反应制取二氧化碳,则发生装置应选用     (填字母)。他不选择加热碳酸氢铵制取二氧化碳的理由是                  

答案

(1)反应物的状态      反应的条件

(2)CaCO3+2HCl=CaCl2+H2O+CO2↑      BDC      浓硫酸  

(3)A   碳酸氢铵分解产生氨气,制得的二氧化碳气体不纯

题目分析:(1)实验室制取气体的发生装置,常分为两类:A固体加热类,B固液体常温类;其选择时考虑的因素是反应物的状态和反应条件。

(2)大理石与稀盐酸反应生成氯化钙、水和二氧化碳气体,故反应的化学方程式是CaCO3+2HCl=CaCl2+H2O+CO2↑;由于制取二氧化碳属于固液体在常温下的反应,故发生装置选B;根据题意,要收集一瓶干燥的二氧化碳,则干燥装置应选D;由于二氧化碳能溶于水,且密度比空气大,只能用向上排空气法收集,故收集装置应选C,则所选装置的连接顺序是BDC;由于浓硫酸能吸水,且不和二氧化碳反应,故可作二氧化碳的干燥剂。

(3)根据题意,“乙同学选择加热碳酸氢钠的反应制取二氧化碳”,故属于加热固体制取气体,所以发生装置选A;由于碳酸氢铵受热分解产生二氧化碳的同时,还有氨气的产生,故制得的二氧化碳气体不纯,故不能选择加热碳酸氢铵制取二氧化碳。

点评:常见气体的发生装置,依据反应物的状态和反应条件,可分为“固体加热型”和“固液常温型”两种装置;常用气体的收集装置,依据气体的溶解性、密度及其是否与水或者空气的成分发生反应,可分为“排水法”、“向下排空气法”、“向上排空气法”三种装置来收集。

单项选择题

An Indian anthropologist, Chandra Thapar, made a study of foreign cultures, which had customs similar to (91) of his native land. One culture in (92) fascinated him because it reveres one animal (93) sacred, much as the people in India (94) the cow. The things he discovered might interest you (95) you will be studying India as part of this course.
The tribe Dr. Thapar (96) is called the Asu and is found on the American continent north of the Tamhumara of Mexico. Though it seems to be a (97) developed society of its type, it has an overwhelming (98) with the care and feeding of the rac—an animal much like a bull in size, strength and temperament. In the Asu tribe, it is almost a social (99) to own at least one (100) not more rats. People not possessing at least one are (101) in low esteem by the community because they are too poor to (102) one of these beasts properly. Some members of the tribe, to (103) their wealth and social prestige, even own (104) of racs.
(105) the rac breed is not very healthy and usually does not live more than five to seven years. Each family invests large (106) of money each year to keep its rac healthy and shod, for it has a tendency to throw its shoes often. There are rac (107) in each community, perhaps more than one if the community is particularly (108) . These specialists, however, due to the long period of ritual training they must undergo and (109) the difficulty of obtaining the right selection of charms to treat the rac, demand (110) offerings whenever a family must treat an ailing rac.

A.exhibit

B.manifest

C.display

D.expose

选择题