问题 问答题

某学习小组围绕“实验室制取气体”进行研讨。请你参与完成下面的问题。

(1)原理分析:实验室制取CO2的化学方程式为                                 

不用碳酸钠与盐酸反应制取CO2的原因是                                       

(2)发生装置:图①装置中仪器a的名称是              。实验室常用无水醋酸钠固体与碱石灰在加热的情况下制甲烷,其发生装置应选图        (填序号)。

(3)收集装置:实验室收集氨气应采用的方法是            。收集有毒气体二氧化硫时,常采用图③收集装置,气体应从         (填字母)端通入。

(4)实验操作:通常实验室制取氢气选择的发生装置是      (填序号),检查该装置气密性的操作是         。若利用图③用排水法收集氢气,则水从      (填字母)端排出。

(5)实验反思:在加热氯酸钾制O2的过程中,发现产生O2的速率很慢,经检查不是氯酸钾变质,也不是装置气密性不好,你认为最可能的原因是                 

答案

(1)CaCO3+2HCl=CaCl2+H2O+CO2↑ 反应快,不易控制  

(2)锥形瓶 ②

(3)向下排空气法  c   

(4)① 先将长颈漏斗进行液封,然后将导管的一端放入水中,双手紧握仪器外壁,若导管口有气泡冒出即气密性良好。(或先用止水夹夹住橡皮管,然后往长颈漏斗中加入水至形成一段高于试管内液面的水柱,静置水柱高度不变,则装置气密性好。)     c

(5)未加MnO2(或未加催化剂)

题目分析:(1)实验室常用大理石和稀盐酸反应制取二氧化碳,同时还生成氯化钙和水,故反应的化学方程式为CaCO3+2HCl=CaCl2+CO2↑+H2O;由于碳酸钠与盐酸反应的速度过快,故不易控制。

(2)根据实验室常用仪器回答,图①装置中仪器a的名称是锥形瓶;根据题意,实验室常用无水醋酸钠固体与碱石灰在加热的情况下制甲烷,故属于“固体加热型”,其发生装置应选图②。

(3)由于氨气的相对分子质量小于空气的平均分子质量,故可知其密度小于空气,又因为氨气极易溶于水,故只能用向下排空气法收集;由于二氧化硫的密度大于空气,故若用图③收集装置收集时,气体应从长管c进入,从下向上排空气。

(4)实验室常用固体锌粒和稀硫酸在常温下反应,制取氢气,故属于“固液体不加热型”,其发生装置应选图①。根据气密性检查的原理分析,装置的气密性检查,是利用给装置受热,使其内部气压增大而实现的,而由于该装置有两个出口,故检查气密性时,应先堵住一个出口;如先将长颈漏斗进行液封,然后将导管的一端放入水中,双手紧握仪器外壁,若导管口有气泡冒出即气密性良好。(或先用止水夹夹住橡皮管,然后往长颈漏斗中加入水至形成一段高于试管内液面的水柱,静置水柱高度不变,则装置气密性好。)由于氢气的密度小于水,故若利用图③用排水法收集氢气,氢气应从短管b进入,从上往下排水,则水会从长管c排出。

(5)由于氯酸钾要在二氧化锰作催化剂和加热的条件下,分解生成氯化钾和氧气,结合题意可知,产生O2的速率很慢的原因应是未加催化剂。

点评:熟记氧气和二氧化碳的实验室制法、原理和操作注意事项,是解题的关键;此外,本题的重点是常用气体的发生装置和收集装置的选取方法,要学会根据反应物的状态和反应的条件选择发生装置,根据制取气体的溶解性和密度的大小选择收集气体的方法。

阅读理解

When someone says, “Well, I guess I’ll have to face the music”, it doesn’t mean that he is planning to go to hear a singer or attend a concert. It is something far less unhappy than you are called in by your leader to explain why you did this and that or why you did not do this or that.

At some time or another, every one of us has to “face the music”, especially (尤其) as children. We can all remember fathers angry words “I want to talk to you”. And only because we did not listen to him. What a bad thing it was!

In the middle or at the end of every term, we students have to “face the music”. The result of the exam will decide whether we will face the music or not. If...that means parents cold faces and contempt (轻视) of the teachers and classmates.

“To face the music” is well known to every American, young or old. It is at least 100 years old. It really means that you have to do something, no matter (无论) how terrible the whole thing might be, because you know you have no choice.

小题1:“To face the music"means “to____ ”.

A.do something that we don’t like to

B.go to the theatre

C.go to the music show

D.do something that we want to小题2:In the third paragraph, “If...”really means “If____ ”.

A.we don’t do a good job

B.we get an“A” in the exam

C.the exam is easy

D.the exam is difficult小题3:Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage?

A.“To face the music” is well known in the United States.

B.“To face the music” has a history of more than 100 years.

C.The young Americans know what “to face the music” means.

D.Only the old in the United States know the meaning of“to face the music”.

单项选择题