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问题 单项选择题 A1/A2型题

为昏迷病员做口腔护理，下列哪项是错误的（）。

A.张口器从臼齿处放入

B.用血管钳夹紧棉球擦洗

C.取下活动义齿，刷净后浸泡在冷水中

D.用等渗盐水漱口

E.局部溃疡用冰硼酸涂布

答案

参考答案：D

解析：昏迷病员禁忌漱口，D错误；需要张口时，张口器应从臼齿处放入（牙关紧闭者不可暴力助其张口）。擦洗时须用血管钳夹紧棉球，每次一个，防止棉球遗留在口腔内。C项昏迷患者须将义齿取下，放于冷水中浸泡。E为正确的口腔护理用药。避错：本题不容易出错，大部分考生均知道口腔护理的注意事项，即昏迷患者禁忌漱口，此知识点为常考点，少数考生误选E项，E为正确的口腔护理用药。本题的考查重点不在于用药护理，而是注意事项。

单项选择题 A3型题

患者，男，35岁，主诉“舌感异常”到医院就诊，确诊为舌癌，入院治疗。其病情为病灶尚未转移。按当时的医疗水平及治疗手段，只有早期切除病灶才能挽救患者。医生把治疗意见向患者的家属作了说明，希望他们向患者做工作，着重说明“病灶盘是溃疡，因为是恶性的，所以必须切除舌头的1／3。”患者本人坚决反对手术。医生为了挽救患者生命，又向患者解释说，不是切掉舌头，而是烧灼舌头的溃疡部分。患者在这种情况下答应了手术，切掉了舌头的1／3，术后出现语言障碍，咀嚼、味觉功能减退。患者认为医生欺骗并坑害了自己，因而忧郁愤懑，在精神和肉体上蒙受了极大的痛苦。后患者上告法院要求赔偿，该案例最终经调解并说明医生手术的目的与动机后，患者撤回了上诉。

本案评价医生的医学动机与手段哪一点是不相一致的（）

A.医生的动机是好的，目的是为了救人

B.医生以“恶性溃疡”告之患者，目的是消除患者的恐怖心理，动机是正确的

C.切除1／3舌部的目的是为了防止舌癌手术后复发，其手术动机也是好的

D.当患者反对手术，医生用烧灼舌部溃疡，来隐瞒手术真相，动机是好的

E.以上都是
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填空题

Part 3


Questions 19-25


·Read the following article from the newspaper and answer questions 19-25.
·For questions 19-25, choose the correct answer A, B, CorD.
·Mark your answer on the Answer Sheet.

The Power of One


Can we overcome apathy Yes, but only if we have hope. One reason for hope lies in the extraordinary nature of human intellectual accomplishment. A hundred years ago, the idea of a 747, of a man on moon, of the Internet remained in the realm of science fiction. Yet we have seen those things and much, much more. So, now that we have finally faced up to the terrible damage we have inflicted on our environment, our ingenuity is working overtime to find technological solutions. But technology alone is not enough. We must engage with our hearts also. And it’s happening around the world.
Even companies once known only for profits and pollution are having a change of heart. Conoco, the energy company, worked with the Jane Goodall Institute (J.G.I.) in Congo to build a sanctuary for orphaned chimpanzees. Many other companies are working on clean forms of energy, organic farming methods, less wasteful irrigation and so on.
Another reason for hope is the resilience of nature—if it is given a helping hand. Fifteen years ago, the forests outside Gombe National Park in Tanzania had been virtually eliminated. More people lived there than the land could support. J.G.I. initiated the Lake Tanganyika Catchment Reforestation and Education Project (TACARE), a program active in 33 villages around the park. Today people improve their lives through environmentally sustainable projects, such as tree nurseries and wood lots. We provide health care, family-planning and education programs, especially for women. As their education increases, their family size tends to drop.
While pollution still plagues much of the world, progress is being made. This May in Sudbury, Ont., I saw new forests that were recolonizing hills destroyed by 100 years of nickel mining. The community raised the money and worked for months spreading lime and planting vegetation on the blackened rock. I released the first brook trout into a once poisoned creek there.
Animal species on the brink of extinction can be given a second chance through protection and captive breeding—-even if preserving a habitat conflicts with economic interests. A company in China planned to build a rapid-transit line right through the only major remaining breeding ground of the rare pheasant-tailed jacana. There was an outcry, but it was the only economically viable route. Environmentalists worked with the company to come up with a solution—moving the breeding ground. Water was diverted back into nearby wetlands that had been drained by farmers, and suitable vegetation was replanted. In 2000 five birds hatched in their new home, and when I visited there the next year, even more birds had moved to the site.
I derive the most hope from the energy and hard work of young people. Roots & Shoots, J.G.I.’s program for youth from preschool through university, is now active in 70 countries. The name is symbolic: roots and shoots together can break tip brick walls, just as citizens of Earth together can overcome our problems. The more than 4,000 groups of young people are cleaning creeks, restoring prairies and wetlands, planting trees, clearing trash, recycling and making their voices heard.
We have huge power, we have affluent societies, we are causing the most environmental damage. For we are the consumers, we do not have to buy products from companies with bad environmental policies. To help us, the Internet is linking small grassroots movements so that people who once felt they were on their own can contact others with the same concerns.

What does the writer suggest by giving the title "The Power of One"

A．Environmentalists have made great achievements in bettering the environment.

B．People can have great power if they work together to protect the environment.

C．A person can make great contributions to protecting the environment.

D．A company is of great power in protecting the environment.
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