问题 填空题

某结晶水合物含有两种阳离子和一种阴离子.称取两份质量均为45.3 g的该结晶水合物,分别制成溶液.向其中一份逐滴加入NaOH溶液,开始发现溶液中出现白色沉淀并逐渐增多;一段时间后有气体逸出,该气体有刺激性气味,能使湿润的红色石蕊试纸变蓝,加热后共计可收集到2.24 L该气体(标准状况);最后白色沉淀逐渐减少并最终消失.另一份逐滴加入Ba(OH)2溶液,开始现象类似,但最终仍有白色沉淀;过滤,用稀硝酸处理沉淀物,经洗涤和干燥,得到白色固体46.6 g.

请回答以下问题:

(1)该结晶水合物中含有的两种阳离子是________和________,阴离子是________.

(2)该结晶水合物的化__________________________________________________.

(3)假设过程中向该溶液中加入的NaOH溶液的物质的量浓度为5 mol·L1,请在下图中画出生成沉淀的物质的量与加入NaOH溶液体积的关系示意图.

答案

】(1) NH4 、Al3 、SO42

(2)NH4Al(SO4)2·12H2O[或(NH4)2SO4·Al2(SO4)3·24H2O]

(3)

(1)能使湿润红色石蕊试纸变蓝的气体是NH3,则水合物中有NH4。加入NaOH溶液,先出现沉淀,后沉淀消失,则水合物中有Al3.加入Ba(OH)2先出现沉淀,后沉淀溶解,溶解不完.没有溶解的沉淀不溶于HNO3说明含SO42

(2)n(SO42)==0.2 mol

n(NH4)==0.1 mol

根据离子化合物中阴、阳离子电荷平衡的原理:n(NH4)+3n(Al3)=2n(SO42)可得:

n(Al3)= (2×0.2 mol-0.1 mol)=0.1 mol

n(H2O)==1.2 mol

该结晶水合物的化学式为NH4 Al(SO4)2·12H2O[或(NH4)2SO4·Al2(SO4)3·24H2O]

(3)Al3完全沉淀消耗V(NaOH)==0.060 L=60 mL

NH4转化为NH3·H2O消耗V(NaOH)==0.020 L=20 mL

Al(OH)3完全溶解消耗V(NaOH)=20 moL。

单项选择题
单项选择题

Government officials reported three new cases of mad cow, bringing the total so far this year to 99. Last year, France recorded just 31 cases of the mad cow disease. The rising numbers are in part (1) a new testing program that focuses on cows that are most (2) . That program has (3) 39 cases. But still 60 new cases were identified in the usual way, (4) were found in 1999. Many scientists (5) that this year, five years after safety precautions were (6) , the number of cases would be (7) .

The rise in cases has (8) some scientists to question whether the disease can be transmitted in ways not yet understood. Scientists are still (9) the disease, first recognized in cows in 1986.

It appears that it is not caused by a bacteria, virus or fungus, but (10) infectious particles called prion, perhaps (11) a virus or other agent. The disease kills cells in the brain, (12) it spongy and full of holes.

France has taken more steps to (13) safety than most European countries, (14) refusing to take English beef (15) the European Union. But some scientists believe that France has not been (16) in imposing the ban on feed that (17) animal pans.

Some French officials hope that the sudden interest in mad cow disease will mean that French consumers will become educated about it, thereby recognizing that French beef is actually (18) controlled. Every cow is given a passport at birth, and extensive information about its parentage and (19) it was raised must be (20) to any slaughterhouse. When a diseased animal is found, the entire herd is destroyed.

4()

A. more

B. far more

C. far more than

D. less than