问题 计算题

(12分)

(1)标准状况下,体积约为11.2 L的NH3中约含有     个分子、含有    个质子。

(2)同温同压下,同质量的氨气和硫化氢气体(H2S)的体积比为           。同温同压下,若二者氢原子数相等,它们的体积比为            

(3)在某温度时,一定量的元素A的氢化物AH3在一定体积密闭容器中可完全分解成两种气态单质,此时密闭容器中气体分子总的物质的量增加了75%。则A单质的一个分子中有_____个A原子,AH3分解反应的化学方程式为___________________。

答案

(1)3.01×1023(2分) 3.01×1024(2分)

(2)2︰1(2分) 2︰3(2分)

(3)4(2分) 4AH3 = A4+6H2(2分)

考查物质的量的有关计算。

(1)根据标准状况下的气体摩尔体积可知,11.2L氨气的物质的量是11.2L÷22.4L/mol=0.5mol。因此含有的分子数是10×0.5mol×6.02×1023/mol=3.01×1023。氨气分子中含有10个质子,所以含有的质子数是0.5mol×6.02×1023/mol=3.01×1024

(2)同质量的氨气和硫化氢气体(H2S)的物质的量之比是34︰17=2︰1,所以根据阿伏加德罗定律可知,二者的体积之比是2︰1;根据二者的化学式可知,同温同压下,若二者氢原子数相等,它们的体积比为1/3︰1/2=2︰3。

(3)该氢化物分解的方程式是2xAH3 ="2" Ax+3xH2,由于密闭容器中气体分子总的物质的量增加了75%。,则有,解得x=4,即A单质的一个分子中有4个原子,反应的方程式是4AH3 = A4+6H2

单项选择题

Proper arrangement of classroom space is important to encouraging interaction. Most of us have noticed how important physical setting is to efficiency and comfort in our work. College classroom space should be designed to encourage the activity of critical thinking. We may be approaching the twenty-first century, but step into almost any college classroom and you step back in time at least a hundred years. Desks are normally in straight rows, so students can clearly see the teacher but not all their classmates. The assumption behind such an arrangement is obvious. Everything of importance comes from the teacher.
With a little imagination and effort, unless desks are fixed to the floor, the teacher can correct this situation and create space that encourages interchange among students. In small or standard-size classes, chairs, desks, and tables can be arranged in a variety of ways. The primary goal should be for everyone to be able to see everyone else. Larger classes, particularly those held in lecture halls, unfortunately, allow much less flexibility.
Arrangement of the classroom should also make it easy to divide students into small groups for discussion or problem-solving exercises. Small classes with movable desks and tables present no problem. Even in large lecture halls, it is possible for students to turn around and form groups of four to six. Breaking a class into small groups provides more opportunities for students to interact with each other, think out loud, and see how other students’ thinking processes operate all essential elements in developing new modes of critical thinking. In courses that regularly use a small group format, students might be asked to stay in the same small groups throughout the course. A colleague of mine, John, allows students to move around during the first two weeks, until they find a group they are comfortable with. John then asks them to stay in the same seat, with the same group, from that time on. This not only creates a comfortable setting for interaction but helps him learn students’ names and faces.

The greatest advantage in allowing each student to find his own group might be that ______.

A. the teacher saves the trouble in doing that
B. learning is made comfortable in this way
C. the teacher can easily remember students’ names and faces
D. brighter students can help slower ones

单项选择题